Renaissance and Reformation
This Renaissance intellectual movement emphasized human potential and popularized subjects like history, literature, and philosophy.
What is Humanism?
These were the three primary motives for European exploration in the 1400s.
What are God, Gold and Glory?
This exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds reshaped global diets.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This invention by Johann Gutenberg revolutionized communication and spread ideas quickly across Europe.
What is the printing press?
Martin Luther’s three main teachings challenged the Catholic Church by emphasizing faith alone, scripture alone, and equality of believers.
What are salvation by faith alone, the Bible as sole authority, and the priesthood believers?
Hernando Cortés conquered this empire using alliances, superior weapons, and disease.
What is the Aztec Empire?
Two major food crops from the Americas that transformed diets in Europe, Africa, and Asia.
What are potatoes and maize (corn)?
This economic theory held that nations should accumulate wealth by exporting more than they import.
What is mercantilism?
Renaissance values of individualism, secularism, and humanism challenged medieval reliance on this institution.
What is the Catholic Church?
European explorers sought wealth, religious conversion, and fame — summarized by this phrase.
What is God, Gold and Glory?
The Columbian Exchange introduced this crop to Europe, which became a staple in Ireland.
What is the potato?
The printing press helped spread these two movements by making texts widely available.
What are the Renaissance and Reformation?
In Northern Europe, Renaissance humanism blended with this religious reform movement.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
Cortés gained allies among these groups who opposed Aztec rule.
Who are the indigenous enemies of the Aztecs?
Diseases like smallpox spread through the Columbian Exchange had this devastating effect.
What is massive population decline among Native Americans?
Advances in navigation, such as the astrolabe and compass, enabled this historical movement.
What is the Age of Exploration?
Renaissance art emphasized perspective and realism, reflecting this broader cultural shift.
What is a focus on human-centered values and naturalism?
European exploration led to the conquest of the Americas and the rise of this global system.
What is the Atlantic World/global economy?
The Columbian Exchange introduced this crop to Africa, fueling population growth.
What is maize (corn)?
Technology like the printing press and improved shipbuilding spread ideas and enabled this dual transformation.
What are the Renaissance/Reformation and Age of Exploration?