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What is mechanical energy?
The energy an object possesses due to its position or motion.
What is thermal energy?
energy within a system that's created by the random motion of molecules and atoms
What is specific heat?
Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance.
What is the definition of impulse?
Impulse is the force applied to an object over a certain amount of time
What is the relationship between work and energy transfer?
Work and energy have a direct relationship.
What is convection and in what state of matter does it occur?
Convection is the movement within a liquid or gas driven by differences in temperature.
What is one application of low specific heat materials?
They are used in cooking utensils because they heat up quickly
How is momentum defined in physics?
Momentum is the amount of motion an object has. It depends on its mass and velocity
Give an example of an object that stores elastic potential energy and explain why
A stretched rubber band
How do convection currents form in boiling water?
The hot water increases in thermal and molecular kinetic energy and rises as it becomes less dense. The water transfers heat to the surrounding water and air and eventually sinks
Compare the specific heat of water and metals. Why do they differ?
Water has a higher specific heat than metals, meaning it takes longer to heat up. Metals heat up faster because they have a lower specific heat.
Describe how the impulse experienced by a baseball bat differs from that experienced by a baseball during a collision.
The bat and baseball experience equal amounts of impulse in opposite directions
How does the mass of an object affect its kinetic energy?
The more mass an object has, the more kinetic energy it has.
Describe a real-world scenario where radiation is the primary method of heat transfer.
Heat transfers into your hands when holding a metal spoon left in a hot soup bowl.
Describe how low specific heat improves performance in cooking utensils.
Low specific heat allows cooking utensils to heat up quickly and cook food faster.
Explain how changes in momentum can be observed in a car crash.
During a car crash, the car quickly slows down or stops, causing its momentum to change
How can understanding mechanical energy help in designing more efficient roller coasters?
The potential energy you build going up the hill can be released as kinetic energy — the energy of motion that takes you down the hill.
Analyze how understanding thermal energy transfer can improve energy efficiency in homes.
helps us design better insulation, engines, and renewable technologies.
Analyze the benefits of using stainless steel versus cast iron for frying.
Stainless steel heats up faster, while cast iron holds heat longer and cooks food more evenly
Evaluate the effectiveness of different safety devices (like airbags) in reducing impulse during a collision.
Airbags, seat belts, and crumple zones helps protect people by increasing the time of the collision and reducing the force on their bodies.