What is mRNA is message, tRNA brings amino acids to ribosome, rRNA make up a ribosome
100
DNA is wound up by these proteins
What is histones
100
This is why bacteria regulate their genes
What is energy saving/survival- why produce something you don't need?
100
These are control elements that are distant from the gene of interest. They help the transcription for the gene.
What is enhancers
100
This is what p, q, p2, q2, and 2pq stand for
What is p= dominant allele, q= recessive allele, 2pq- heterozygous, p2= homozygous dominant, q2= homozygous recessive
200
This is where in the cell that transcription and translation occur
What is nucleus and ribosome
200
The addition of these chemical groups open up a DNA strand for gene transcription
What is acetyl groups
200
This is the on/off switch of DNA that controls transcription of a particular gene sequence
What is operator
200
These proteins bind to enhancers of a particular gene.
What is activators
200
This is Lamarck's idea
What is acquired traits can be passed down
300
This is the name for the DNA strand that is transcribed
What is template strand
300
This is what binds an amino acid with its respective tRNA by using ATP
What is an enzyme (amino acetyl synthase) with the use of ATP
300
This is what tRNA's anticodon for this DNA strand: 3' ATCGAG 5' would be
What is mRNA 5' UAGCUC 3'= AUCGAG
300
This is when there is inheritance not based on DNA
What is epigenetics
300
A whale's fin and a cat's arm are considered to be this type of structure in relation to each other. The bone structure derives from a common ancestor.
What is homologous structures
400
These are the modifications done to the mRNA before it leaves the nucleus.
What is 5' cap (help to attach to ribosome), 3' poly-A tail to prevent degradation by enzymes, intron removal
400
These are the units of proteins that wind up DNA
What is nucleosomes
400
This is what would happen with an inducible operon
What is gene transcription is usually off but when molecule is present, it binds with repressor, and RNA polymerase is able to transcribe the gene. Ex. Lac operon.
400
This is the enzyme that is able to convert RNA into DNA (only time Central Dogma doesn't really apply)
What is reverse transcriptase
400
This is convergent evolution
What is analogous structures- serve same function but evolved independently of each other
500
Transcribe this DNA sequence
3' ATCGAGCTC 5'
What is 5' UAGCUCGAG 3'
500
This is an example of a frameshift mutation using sequence of DNA: ACGACCGAT
What is answer varies- should show a deletion or insertion occurring from original strand. Codons are no longer the same.
500
This is what would happen with a repressible operon
What is molecule helps repressor protein have appropriate shape to bind to DNA. When molecule is not around, gene transcription happens. Ex. Tryptophan
500
These are the two viral cycles and their characteristics
What is lytic and lysogenic- lytic involves lysis and death of cell. Lysogenic- viral DNA merges with host cell DNA.
500
A population of deer is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Out of 900 deer, 400 show the dominant trait. What are the genotype frequencies?