Vocab
Presidents
Amendments
Reconstruction
Native Americans
Transcontinental Railroad
Settling the Plains
100
————— is the separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences, while ————— is the act of uniting or bringing these people together.
Segregation, Integration
100
16th President. Suggested the 10% plan and believed the Union should take a quick and lenient approach on re-admitting the southern states. (Presidential Reconstruction)
Abraham Lincoln
100
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
15th Amendment
100
Created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support.
Freedmen’s Bureau
100
1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of Indian resistance
Wounded Knee
100
President Lincoln singed this law in 1862, it called for the building of a transcontinental railroad by the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroad companies. To encourage the companies, the government gave each company land along the route of the tracks.
Pacific Railway Act
100
This changed the landscape of the west, it was used to fence in land on the Great Plains, eventually leading to the end of the open frontier.
Barbed Wire
200
————— is the system in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.————— was similar, however, the farmer got to choose what crop he planted and bought his own supplies.
Sharecropping, Share-tenancy
200
This man was responsible for the assassination of Lincoln on April 14th, 1865.
John Wilkes Booth
200
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
13th Amendment
200
Passed by congress to ban the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race.
Enforcement Act of 1870
200
In this battle, most of the U.S.’s Seventh Calvert unity, led by General Custer, was destroyed by a coalition of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
Little Big Horn
200
This part of the railroad started in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1865, it employed about 10,000 workers that included Civil War veterans and Irish immigrants.
Union Pacific
200
Encouraged westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee ($10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years. Over 400,000 families got land through this law.
Homestead Act of 1862
300
The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another.
Assimilation
300
17th president. The first U.S. president to be impeached, known as a “lame duck” president.
Andrew Johnson
300
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
14th Amendment
300
What was the main difference between Presidential and Congressional reconstruction? What were some of the main characteristics?
Presidential reconstruction was considered lenient, 10% of the state needed to pledge allegiance to the Union, all states had to admit secession and slavery were wrong and illegal.
Congressional reconstruction was considered more harsh. It divided the south into 5 military districts. Souther states had to ratify the 14th and 15th amendments.
300
A religious movement that was sweeping through the Plains tribes, they believed their ceremony would reestablish their ancestral lands and repopulate the buffalo herd, and restore the Sioux's lost greatness.
Ghost dance
300
This half of the railroad hired about 10,000 workers from China, because there was a labor shortage in California.
Central Pacific Railroad Company
300
What were some of the new farming technologies that made it easier for farmers to settle in the west?
Steel plows, barbed wire, use of more scientific methods of farming, railroads (farmers were able to transport crops/cattle to be sold in other locations.
400
————— was a term used to describe southerns who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate southerners. ————— were Northerners that went to the south to train to gain an advantage from the disorganized souther states.
Scalawag, Carpetbaggers
400
19th President. Was famous for being part of the election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, making it one of the most corrupt elections in U.S. history.
Rutherford B. Hayes
400
What are the 13th,14th, and 15th amendments commonly referred to as?
Reconstruction or Civil War Amendments
400
Who were Radical Republicans? What was their plan that required 50% of a states 1860 voters to pledge their allegiance (iron clad oath) to the union? It was pocket vetoed by Lincoln.
Radical Republicans believed the south should be harshly punished. Their proposal that was pocket vetoed by Lincoln was the Wade Davis bill.
400
What did settlers destroy in order to make it more difficult for Natives to survive?
Settler made it harder for Natives to survive by wiping out the buffalo population.
400
What happened at Promontory Point in 1869?
Workers drove the final golden spike at Promontory Point in the Utah territory. This completed the Transcontinental Railroad that connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
400
What was the Open Range system? What caused its demise?
Branded cattle roamed freely, and cowboys were hired by ranch owners each spring to go on extensive round-ups to collect the cattle belonging to that owner. The cowboys would then “drive” the cattle to the closest railroad line, which could also be hundreds of miles away and take weeks or even months to complete. This become more difficult as farmers began to fence off their property with barbed wire fences.
500
Passed by congress over the veto of Andrew Johnson. Declared that all persons born in the U.S. were now citizens, regardless of race or previous conditions.
Civil Rights Act 1866
500
18th president. His presidency was marked by political scandal, clashes with Native Americans and continued violence throughout the Reconstruction South. You can find him on the $50
Ulysses S. Grant
500
These were the laws enacted by former slave states in order to keep former slaves from exercising their newly gained constitutional rights, as well as trying keeping the pre-antebellum south slave work intact.
Black Codes
500
How did the compromise of 1877 mark the end of reconstruction?
It removed military presence from the south, appointed a democrat to the cabinet, and gave the south federal money for railroad construction and levees on the Mississippi River.
500
With the signing of this treaty, the Plains nations agreed to not harass or threaten western settlers, in exchange, they received land set aside for them in the Black Hills of the Dakotas. However, this treaty was ignored by settlers when they found gold.
Fort Laramie Treaty
500
How did the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad effect the United States?
It allowed for manifest destiny to be fulfilled, allowed for economic, population, and industrial growth by connecting the east and west coast. People were able to travel efficiently and transport themselves and goods across the U.S. in a more timely manner.
500
How did settlement of the plains cause conflict with the Native Americans?
With Manifest Destiny being fulfilled, Natives were pushed from their homes, the lands were being settled to build towns, farms, and railroads. Natives were faced with the choice of assimilating to the settlers culture or living on a reservation.