Russian Revolutions
What kind of ruler was Nicholas II?
Czar Nicholas ran an autocracy (where the ruler has unlimited power).
Who was involved in the Triple Alliance? Triple Entente?
TA-Germany, Italy, and Austria- Hungary
TE- Russia, France, and Britain
How did the US try to help Germany get back on their feet after WWI? What event caused us to stop?
we stoped because of the Great Depression, caused because of Stock Market Crash
What is nationalism?
a deep devotion to one’s country, sense of pride which lead to intense completion between nations.
What were Bismarcks goals after unifying Germany?
To keep peace in Europe
What were two major mistakes that Nicholas II made?
- WWI- 4 million soldiers dead or wounded
- March Revolution: workers began to riot, soldiers turned on commanders
Who was involved in the Central Powers? Allied Powers?
AP- Great Britain, France, Japan, Russia, and Italy
What factors did Hitler blame for Germanys troubles after WWI? What did he want for Germanys future?
All non aryans are subhuman and inferior, Germany needed lebensruam or living space, and hated of the treaty was a factor
What territorial disputes existed in Europe before the war?
France lost Alsace- Lorraine to Germany in the Franco- Prussian war
and Russia and Austria- Hungry wanted to dominate the Balkans in Southeast Europe
What did we learn about modern warfare during WW1?
Machine guns, tanks, and poison gas didn’t peed up war, but killed more efficiently
Trenches weren’t safe because of artillery, bombardment, infection, and lack of food.
What set off the March Revolution? What was the result of this event?
Bad working conditions, low wages, huge gap between poor and rich, Bloody Sunday, drained resources
- result? Nicholas II stepped down provisional government now in place, Lenin in power now.
Why were quick victories critical for Germany during WWI? Why did they invade Belgium?
Germany didn’t want to fight a 2 front war, so if they beat France quickly they could send back their troops to Russia (by time Russias troops had mobilized). France was ready along their border so it would’ve been harder to get through… they went through Belgium to get to Paris.
How did Hitler take power in German government?
He was appointed chancellor and was given total control by the enabling act which then voting out parliament legally ending democracy in Germany.
WHAT IS IMPERIALISM? WHAT IS MILITARISM?
I- establishing of overseas empire- Europe into Asia and Africa
M- if a country was to be truly grest it needed a powerful military
Total war? Propaganda, how was it used and what is it?
What treaty was signed that allowed Russia to leave the war?
TW- governments of the nations involved devoted all their resources to the war effort
P- one sided information used to persuade the people
Treaty- Brest-Litovsk, Allie’s Germany to turn full attention onto western front
What was the outcome of the civil war in 1920?
The USSR- Union of soviet socialist republic
the Lenin-Bolshevik’s won (red army), caused a famine and killed 3 million
renamed the party communists party, 100000 political dissidents were killed by Cheka.
Where and why was the first attempt to move the fighting away from the Eastern and Western fronts?
What role did Blockades and Submarines play in WW1?
-allies came up with a strategy to attack the Dardanelles in the Ottoman Empire, so if they could defeat the turks they could get supplies to Russia.
- Blockades: crop failures and food shortages for Germany
Submarines: sink any ship with torpedos
also makes US join war.
In what ways did Hitler break the Treaty of Versailles?
Sent troops into Rhineland, annexed Austria, and allied with Italy and Japan
How did the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand set off WWI?
The person who shot the Austrian Archduke was Serbian, Austria decided to use the incident to punish Serbia, giving Serbia ultimatums of demands, Austria didn’t want to negotiate so they declared war on Serbia.
What are general characteristics of Fascism? What lead to Fascist takeover in Italy, and how did Mussolini violate League of Nation sanctions?
2nd- Italy recieved little territory in Treaty of Versailles cauisng bitterness, Mussolini used this discontent to put Fascist Party in control
M- aggression towards smaller nations, attacked Abyssinia.
What were Stalins goals for Russia? Did he achieve those goals, and if so, at what cost?
Stalin wanted to remake Russia into a hevily industrialized nation that would increase the power of the communist party. “5 year plan” quintuples the output of electricity and doubles the output of steel, coal , and iron. Collective agriculture
Yes he achieved russia becoming the 3rd largest industrial power in the world, an economy that survived the Great Depression: at the cost of 20-30 million deaths Of his own people.
What were Wilsons plans for peace concert in the Treaty of Versailles?
In what ways did this treaty punish Germany?
- 14 points that outlined the plan to achieve lasting peace -14th point proposed the the general association of nations so they could peacefully negotiate solutions to conflicts
- Germany was punished by losing large amounts of territory, severe restrictions on military, full responsibility for war, reparations to allied nations, and territories in Africa and Asia were given to the League of Nations
What was the purpose of the Munich Conferences? How did Hitler break this agreement?
He demanded Sudetenland from Czechs, so Britain and France gave it to them to sign the treaty that said that he wouldn’t send troops, then he sent troops and Czech and Poland.
Axis Powers? And why did the allies choose to appease Hitler for so long?
Japan, Germany, Italy
fear of starting another world war, angering constituency, feared Stalin and communism more than Hitler, believed hitler to be An honorable man
Why did Hitler sign a Non aggression pact with Russia?
To remove him from fear of another 2 front war.