5.1/2
Which of the following is the most useful study strategy to help a student retain the words in a vocabulary list?
A Focusing on the pronunciation of the words
B Putting the words in alphabetical order
C Repeating each word three times
D Using each word in a sentence
E Counting the number of syllables in each word
D Using each word in a sentence
Which of the following kinds of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelated words in reverse order?
A State-dependent
B Latent
C Serial
D Procedural
E Paired-associate
C Serial
When Cory is given a logic problem to solve, he systematically tries every possible solution until he finds the correct answer. Cory’s strategy is to use
A. an algorithm
B. a heuristic
C. a mnemonic
D. cognitive restructuring
E. insight
A. an algorithm
A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet’s concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that
A. it is inappropriate for adults
B. it is based on a negatively skewed distribution
C. its norms are no longer appropriate
D. it has a gender bias
E. it produces unreliable test results among rural children
A. it is inappropriate for adults
A young child says, “Where did you goed?” Which of the following psychologists would most likely argue that the child is overregularizing a logical grammatical rule?
Noam Chomsky
Lev Vygotsky
Ivan Pavlov
Noam Chomsky
A researcher asks participants to identify red shapes presented on a video screen. Following this, novel objects of various colors are depicted on the screen. Participants correctly identify red objects more quickly than objects of a different color. The result illustrates
A assimilation
B modeling
C priming
D cone saturation
E imprinting
C priming
When Lois looks at her wedding pictures, she has vivid memories of the early years of her marriage. The pictures serve as
A encoding devices
B iconic memories
C implicit memories
D retrieval cues
E semantic cues
D retrieval cues
After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing
dissociative fugue
dissociative amnesia
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
conversion disorder
anterograde amnesia
Which of the following types of intelligence is most clearly demonstrated by an individual’s knowledge of facts?
A. Fluid
B. Practical
C. Analytical
D. Kinesthetic
E. Crystallized
E. Crystallized
A test that measures a student’s potential ability is
A. an achievement test
B, an aptitude test
C. an intelligence test
D a personality inventory
an aptitude test
Which of the following psychologists is most strongly associated with research on false memories?
A Elizabeth Loftus
B Noam Chomsky
C Ernst Heinrich Weber
D Jean Piaget
E Mary Ainsworth
A Elizabeth Loftus
Which process transfers information from sensory memory to short-term memory?
A Attention
B Cognition
C Differentiation
D Perception
E Sensation
A Attention
Many participants in a study of memory were led to falsely believe that they were lost in a shopping mall as a young child. What memory construction error was demonstrated by the researchers’ ability to create these artificial memories?
A Source amnesia
B Misinformation effect
C Context-dependent memory
D Spontaneous recovery
E Confirmation bias
B Misinformation effect
The type of intelligence that Howard Gardner described as individuals’ abilities to understand themselves and to be aware of their talents and limitations is
A naturalistic
B intrapersonal
C kinesthetic
D lonely
B intrapersonal
A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to
A. predict an individual’s ability to succeed in a particular job
B. allow a student to be exempted from a college course
C. assess the mental age of a gifted eight-year-old
D. determine whether a person is an extrovert or an introvert
E. investigate an individual’s cognitive style
B. allow a student to be exempted from a college course
When the stimuli in a task occur in highly predictable ways, an individual is often able to attend to both that task and another one at the same time. When this occurs, the processing of the first task is
A controlled
B automatic
C top-down
D bottom-up
E sequential
B automatic
Dr. Rudolph’s class has a big test coming up next week. Which of the following students is using a studying strategy that is most likely to lead to memory consolidation?
A Gabriel is anxious about the test, so he distracts himself by playing video games.
B Marcus does not study until the night before the test, when he studies for eight hours straight.
C Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.
D Sharon does not study for the test, but she pays close attention, asks lots of questions, and takes good notes during class.
C Elizabeth studies for a half hour before she goes to bed each night the week before the exam.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of retroactive interference?
A. After a car accident, Serena can no longer form new memories, though she can still remember things that happened before the accident.
B. Alexis believes that because she has played the lottery many times without winning, she is more likely to win than someone who has never played before.
C. Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.
D. Raj just bought a new phone and keeps trying to turn it on by pushing the wrong button because the button is in the place where the on button was on his old phone.
E. Lina is trying to find a solution to a problem but is unable to see how the available tools could be used in a different way.
C. Carl tries to remember the name of his first boss, but he cannot because he keeps thinking of the name of his current boss.
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He wants to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
A. poor problem representation
B . cognitive accommodation
C. backward masking
D. functional fixedness
D. functional fixedness
A major university develops an assessment that is meant to provide data on whether potential students will be successful at the university level. If there is a relationship between the results of the assessment and student success, that will best indicate that the assessment has
A. good operational definitions
B. external validity
C. predictive validity
D. content validity
E. standardization
C. predictive validity
A teenager would most probably draw on which of the following to recall her tenth birthday party?
A Episodic memory
B Semantic memory
C Echoic memory
D Eidetic imagery
E State-dependent learning
A Episodic memory
After visiting her professor’s office, Rachel writes down everything she remembers seeing there. She correctly remembers many details, but she falsely remembers seeing books even though there were no books in the office. Additionally, she did not remember seeing a skull that was in the office. Which memory concept best explains why Rachel falsely encoded the books and failed to encode the skull?
A The method of loci
B Schemas
C Association networks
D Sensory memory
E Context effects
B Schemas
When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are
A at the beginning of the list
B at the end of the list
C in the middle of the list
D hardest to pronounce
E easiest to spell
C in the middle of the list
Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening?
A. Accommodation
B. Object permanence
C. Conservation
D. A mental set
Divergent thinking
D. A mental set
Which of the following is always true of standardized tests?
A. They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner.
B. They are supposed to be administered individually.
C . They are verified experimentally.
D. They are scored electronically.
E. They are projective.
A. They are supposed to be administered and scored in a consistent manner