Age of Revolutions
Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, proposed that the Sun is at the center of the universe. The theory translates to"sun centered" theory.
What is the heliocentric theory?
This philosopher argued that people are born with natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Who is John Locke?
his document formally declared the American colonies’ independence in 1776.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This industry was the first to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution, especially with inventions like the spinning jenny.
What is the textile industry?
This major demographic shift during industrialization saw large numbers of people move from rural areas to cities in search of factory work.
What is urbanization?
This revolution is the only successful slave revolt in history that led to the creation of an independent nation.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This French thinker proposed the idea of separation of powers in government.
Who is Montesquieu?
This French king was executed during the revolution.
Who is Louis XVI?
This social class grew as people moved to cities to work in industrial jobs.
What is the working class (or proletariat)?
This new economic system, based on private ownership and profit, expanded during industrialization.
What is capitalism?
This leader crowned himself emperor after rising from the chaos of the French Revolution.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This Enlightenment writer famously said, “I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Who is Voltaire?
This document declared that all men are born free and equal in rights.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
This Japanese reform period beginning in 1868 rapidly industrialized the nation and ended the feudal system.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This technological advancement in transportation used iron rails and steam power to move goods and people more quickly.
What is the railroad?
This French leader failed to regain control of Haiti after sending troops to crush the revolution, weakened by resistance and disease.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
This social contract theorist believed that people should give up some freedoms for the good of the community.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This Caribbean colony became the first independent Black republic in 1804.
What is Haiti?
This economic theory, developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, criticized industrial capitalism and called for a classless society.
What is communism?
This social change involved the rise of a middle class made up of business owners, managers, and professionals.
What is the middle class (or bourgeoisie)?
This global economic model divides countries into dominant, industrialized nations and less-developed regions that supply raw materials and labor.
What is the core and periphery model?
This document, heavily influenced by Enlightenment ideas, declared the American colonies’ independence in 1776
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This system of forced labor on plantations was central to the Haitian Revolution.
What is slavery?
This type of worker organization formed during industrialization to demand better wages, hours, and working conditions, often using strikes as a tactic.
What are labor unions?
This environmental change during industrialization was caused by factory smoke and coal burning, leading to dirty air and crowded, unhealthy cities.
What is pollution?