Intensive Farming
Define intensive farming
farming that uses significant amounts of labor and money.
Define Extensive Farming
farming that uses smaller amounts of labor and money but more land area
Define Columbian Exchange
diffusion of plants, animals and people between the New and old World
What is the difference between subsistence and commercial farming?
subsistence- production of food for the farmer's family
commercial-production of food for sale
Define luxury crops
crops not essential for survival, such as coffee, tea, bananas, pineapples and cocoa
Define market gardening
most dominant in southeastern United States. Crops: apples, lettuces, tomatoes
the intensive cultivation of high-value crops, like fruits and vegetables, on a small scale for sale in a local market.
Define township and range
range-rectangular survey system used by the US government results in patterns of dispersal
What happened in the 1st Agricultural Revolution?
•Introduction of the domestication of animals and agriculture
•Permanent settlements, civilization begin to develop
Describe subsistence agriculture.
percentage of farmers, tools and size of farms
50% or higher, use primitive tools and small farms
Define food desert.
geographic area where large grocery stores are scarce
Define plantation
cash crops (cotton, sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco) tropics and subtropics
large scale
Define Long Lot
gives each household equal access to water resources. Common in French areas in the US. Results in linear patters.
What happened in the 2nd Agricultural Revolution?
•Occurred at the same tine as the Industrial Revolution
•Farming Methods Improve
•Use of fertilizer and the seed drill (machinery(
•Population increased
•Increased urbanization
•Enclosure movement-land became privatized
Define Green Revolution
diffusion of modern agricultural methods to developing countries, using higher yield seeds and fertilizers
Define Fair Trade Movement
promotes higher incomes for producers (LDC)
Define mixed crop/livestock
Midwestern and eastern United States. Crops: corn and soybeans and animals
What is the difference between nomadic herding and extensive ranching?
seasonal migration of domesticated livestock, Saudi Arabia and Africa
commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area
Mention three animals or plants diffused from the New World to the Old World.
pumpkins, sweet potatoes, tobacco, cocoa, turkeys, potatoes, tomatoes, corn
Define Bid Rent Theory
Land closer to the market tends to be more expensive while farther from the market is less expensive
Define Valued added foods
foods that have increase value due to alterations. Ex. Jam, flour, free-range chickens, grass fed beef
Define Mediterranean agriculture
produces certain fruits, vegetables and grains like grapes and olives. Prevails in parts of California, Europe, Australia
Define shifting cultivation
farmers clear the land by slashing and burning the debris
Mention three animals or plants that were diffused from the Old world to the New World
cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, bees, grains, sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus fruits
Define economies of scale
cost advantages gained by an increased level of production
Explain the role of women in agriculture in LDC and MDC countries.
In LDC men migrate to urban areas for work and women often work their farms.
In MDC women have reached higher paying roles such as management, sales, distribution and research