Ag Land Use
Transportation costs (weight & distance) and land value determines where farmers must be in relation to the market
Von Thunen Model
produces food that is needed to survive on a daily basis to a person, family or village
Subsistence Farming
Occurred during the Industrial Revolution during 1750-1850 in more developed world. Uses technology provided by the Industrial Revolution as means to increase production and distribution of products.
Second Agricultural Revolution
deliberate modification or use of the Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and animals for food or profit
agriculture
farming of products for sale off the farm (mostly done in more developed countries, requires use of machinery)
commercial agriculture
Took place 10,000 years ago in 8,000 BCE. Allowed humans to become more sedentary and avail themselves of a more reliable source of food (shift from being primarily hunting/gathering societies to ones that planted crops for food) - changed human history.
First Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Revolution)
any plant cultivated by people for food or profit
crop
the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.
transhumance
overgrazing of land led to encroaching deserts within arid regions (Southern Sahara regions have experienced loss of farmland to expanding desert)
desertification
(latter half of the 20th century) corresponded with exponential growth occurring around the world - also called the Green Revolution - involves the use of biotechnology (genetic engineering) and expanded use of fertilizers.
Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)
Slash and Burn agriculture - clear land of vegetation (usually by burning) and use land until nutrients in field are depleted (scars the landscape). Use of land only 2-3 years. Very damaging to the environment but used to support most of the world's people in the developing world
shifting cultivation
Involves moving animals on a seasonal basis to areas that have necessary vegetation & water to meet the needs of animals. Done in arid climates in North Africa and Central Asia. Mostly goats, sheep, camels. People survive off of the milk products of the animals & rarely meat products.
pastoral nomadism
involves the use of biotechnology (genetic engineering). Also known as the third agricultural revolution.
practiced in climate that has dry summer and cool, moist winter (grapes, dates, olives) - around Mediterranean Sea, parts of California and southern Australia