Industrial Technology
This invention provided reliable power for factories and reduced reliance on animal labor.
Steam engine power source
This era roughly spanned from 1870–1900.
Second Industrial Revolution
‘Liberty, Equality, Fraternity’ was a slogan of this revolution.
French Revolution
An economic system where prices are set by supply and demand.
Free Market, laissez-faire, capitalism
He was the leader of the Haitian Revolution.
Toussaint L’Ouverture
This invention allowed near‑instant communication over long distances.
The Telegraph, Radio
This material replaced iron because it was stronger and more flexible.
Steel
She wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This system calls for collective ownership of the means of production and has a central government which owns and controls all resources.
Communism
Known as ‘The Liberator,’ he led independence movements in Latin America.
Simón Bolívar
These transformed economies by connecting markets and encouraging national trade.
Railroads connect markets
This power source enabled mass production and modern factories.
Electricity
This document established equality during the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Socialism
Nationalist movements that broke away from Ottoman and Austro‑Hungarian rule.
Balkan Nationalism
This social process marked the movement of people from rural areas to cities
Urbanization
These industries produced fertilizers, dyes, and explosives.
Chemical industries
She was executed, showing limits of revolutionary equality for women.
Olympe de Gouges
Workers formed these to demand better wages and safer conditions.
Labor Unions
The ‘Iron Chancellor’ who unified Germany.
Otto von Eduard von Leopold von Bismarck
Coal, iron, and timber mattered because they enabled this major change.
The beginning of the industrial revolution
This made railroads, skyscrapers, and bridges possible.
Steel enabled structures
This U.S. convention launched the formal women’s rights movement.
The Seneca falls convention
An economic system where colonies supply raw materials and buy finished goods.
Colonial economy/mercantilism
Peaceful reform movement in the Philippines led by José Rizal.
Propaganda movement