Studying & Encoding Memories
These are memory aids that involve the use of vivid imagery & clever ways of organizing material.
Mnemonic Devices
The association of sadness with memories of negative life events contributes to this.
Mood-Congruent Memory
This refers to the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.
Proactive Interference
An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is an example of this.
Belief Perseverance
This is the ability to comprehend the meaning of speech.
Receptive Language
This refers to the organization of information into meaningful units.
Chunking
This is the increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as.
Long-Term Potentiation
In an effort to remember how to spell "hippopotamus," Lauren spells the word out loud 40 times. This is an example of what technique.
Rehearsal
As she attempted to spell the word "receive," Sarah reminded herself "i before e except after c." Sarah's self-reminder is an example of this.
A Heuristic
In the words "worked" and "cooked" the "ed" ending is an example of this.
A morpheme
Automatic Processing
This is where shortly after hearing a list of items, people tend to recall the last items in the list quickly and correctly.
A Recency Effect
Pablo is embarrassed because he fails to remember a good friend's name for a moment. Pablo's poor memory most likely results from a failure in this.
Retrieval
Footage of abducted children may lead parents to experience an increased fear of letting their child walk to walk. This increased fear is an example of this.
The Availability Heuristic
A French visitor to the U.S. asked a taxi driver, "Can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This visitor has not yet mastered this part of the English language.
Syntax
For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared, Sperling retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges. His experience most clearly illustrated the nature of this memory.
Iconic
An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify the suspects in a lineup. What is the name of the test of memory is being utilized?
Recognition
People should avoid back-to-back study times for learning German and Spanish vocabulary in order to minimize this.
Interference
After spending three hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Trevor finally gave up. As he was trying to fall asleep, a solution to the problem popped into his head. Trevor's experience is an example of this.
Insight
This represents the meaning and understanding of words and word combinations.
Semantics
The fact that our preconceived ideas contribute to our ability to process new information best illustrates the importance of this.
Semantic Encoding
When you hear the word "rabbit" it may lead you to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best shows the outcome of a process called this.
Priming
After learning the new combination for his locker at school, Amy is unable to remember the combination to her year-old gym lock. Amy is experiencing the effects of this.
Retroactive Interference
Because Matthew is 6'7", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of the basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrated the impact of this.
The Representative Heuristic
This best illustrates psychology's current understanding of the relationship between thinking & language.
Thinking affects language, which then affects our thoughts