DNA Structure & Vocab
This molecule contains the genetic instructions for living organisms.
What is DNA?
This process makes an identical copy of DNA before cell division.
What is DNA replication?
This process uses DNA instructions to make proteins.
What is protein synthesis?
This is a change in the DNA sequence.
What is mutation?
This technology allows scientists to directly change an organism’s DNA.
What is genetic engineering?
A sequence of three nitrogen bases.
What is a codon?
During DNA replication, adenine pairs with this base.
What is thymine?
This process copies DNA instructions into messenger RNA.
What is transcription?
Chromosome breaks off and then attaches to a different chromosome.
What is Translocation?
This process involves breeding organisms with desirable traits over multiple generations.
What is selective breeding?
This is the shape of a DNA molecule, often described as a twisted ladder.
What is a double helix?
This molecule carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
This process uses mRNA instructions to assemble amino acids into a protein.
What is translation?
The failure of chromosomes to separate during egg and sperm development.
What is Nondisjunction?
Making genetically identical copies of organisms or genetic material.
What is cloning?
These are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
This process follow DNA replication and stores genetic info.
What is transcription?
This characteristic determines the shape of a protein molecule.
What is the amino acid sequence?
What is the protein folding?
This mutation occurs when a nucleotide is removed from a DNA sequence.
What is a deletion?
Tests available for hundreds of genetic disorders.
What is genetic screening?
According to Chargaff’s Rule, adenine always pairs with this nitrogen base.
What is thymine?
Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA (not found in DNA).
What is Uracil?
This three-base sequence on tRNA pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA.
What is an anticodon?
Insertions and deletions can cause this type of mutation by shifting how codons are read.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This biotechnology technique uses DNA patterns to help identify individuals or compare biological samples.
What is DNA fingerprinting?