Concept of Cognition
set of complex mental activities
cognition
confusion is caused by another health alteration such as:
hypoxia, inadequate perfusion, medications, diseases
clear communication, caregiver identification, provide reorientation, provide therapeutic environment, adjust sensory stimulation as needed, provide safety & reassurance, be an advocate, ensure protection, assisnt as needed w/ ADL's, provide simple directions, speak calmly
lack of oxygen to body/brain
hypoxia
ability to control movement in a deliberate, smooth and coordinated fashion
praxis
processes of cognition
awareness, remembering, reasoning, decision making, understanding, using language
______ occurs slowly compared to _______ which is an acute cognitive disorder
confusion; delirium
pathophysiology & etiology
underlying cause identified and treated, confusion often _________
closely monitor for signs of _________resolves; delirium
multiple drugs/medications
polypharmacy
define the following:
a. rigid; false beliefs
b. sensory experiences that do not represent reality
a. delusions
b. hallucinations
nervous system
_________ is reversible
_________ is not reversible
delirium; dementia
onset
delirium is ______
dementia is _______
abrupt; gradual, irreversible
an interpretation of stimuli that takes place in the brain
perception
inability to use or understand language
aphasia
Physical changes that affect cognition cause cognitive disturbance which may be:
minor, chronic, acute, permanent, reversible
s/s: acute disorder, fluctuating change in mental status, rapid onset, worse at night, may have hallucinations, temporary
acute confusion delirium
risk factors and prevention in older adults
chronic medical problems, polypharmacy, under treatment of pain, vision/hearing loss
refers to the brains ability to remain alert & aware while selectively prioritizing concentration on a stimulus or mental event
attention
type of aphasia where the individual is not able to recall the names of everyday objects
anomia
condition that causes difficulty in thinking clearly, making judgements, and focusing attention
confusion
s/s: chronic, memory impairment, slow onset, does not change upon time of day, has delusions but usually no hallucinations, irreversible
chronic confusion dementia
clinical manifestation features
process by which individuals retain, store, and retrieve information gained from previous experiences
memory
lack of speech (sometimes called impoverished)
alogia