Single Replacement Reactions
Oxidation Numbers
Redox Reactions/Metallurgy
Metal Activity Series
Electron Configurations/Bohr Models
100
How do you recognize that a chemical reaction is a single replacement reaction?
There is a free element on one side and the element is in a compound on the other side.
100
What is the oxidation number of any alkali metal?
+1
100
Define what a redox reaction is.
Reaction where electrons are transferred between elements. One element is oxidized and one element is reduced.
100
Which of the following metals is the easiest to oxidize?
Cu Fe Al Zn
Al- highest on activity series
100
Which elements on the periodic table are most stable?
Explain.
noble gases. They have 8 valence electrons
200
Predict the products:
Ba + Ni3(PO4)2 ---->
Ba + Ni3(PO4)2 ----> Ni + Ba3(PO4)2
200
Determine the oxidation number of all elements in H4P2O7
H = +1
P = +5
O = -2
200
Which element is oxidized? Which is reduced?
PbCl2 + Mg -----> MgCl2 + Pb
Oxidized: Mg
Reduced: Pb
200
You bury an iron tank in your backyard. Name two metals you should attach to the iron tank to slow down the rusting of the iron.
Zn, Mg, Al (metals that are more reactive than iron, but not too reactive that they will react with water)
200
What is the complete electron configuration for tin.
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p2
300
Predict the products: (names and formulas)
Lead(II)chloride + magnesium ----->
Lead(II)chloride + magnesium -----> magnesium chloride + lead
PbCl2 + Mg ----> Pb + MgCl2
300
What happens to an element's physical structure when it is oxidized?
What happens to an element's physical structure when it is reduced?
Oxidized: loses electrons
Reduced: gains electrons
300
What element is reduced? Write the half reaction.
What element is oxidized? Write the half reaction.
Cu + AgNO3----> Ag + Cu(NO3)2
Reduced: Ag
Ag+1 + 1 e- ----> Ag
Oxidized: Cu
Cu -----> Cu+2 + 2 e-
300
Name two elements that you would never find in their "pure" (uncombined with any other element) in nature. Explain your answer.
Na, Ca, K, Zn
These metals are too reactive. They will oxidize readily (lose electrons) to other elements such as oxygen very quickly.
300
What is the noble gas electron configuration for lead.
[Xe] 6s24f145d106p2
400
Predict the products:
K + H2O ---->
Br2 + NaF ---->
K + H2O ----> KOH + H2
Br2 + NaF ----> N.R.
400
Determine each element's oxidation number.
CaH2
CH4
H2CO3
Ca = +2 H = -1
C = -4 H = +1
H = +1 C = +4 O = -2
400
Name two elements off the periodic table that are very good oxidizers. Explain your answer.
F, O, Cl. They have high electronegativity values, so they steal electrons from other elements, thus oxidizing them.
400
What is the most reactive halogen?
Describe what makes it so reactive?
Fluorine
It has the highest electronegativity value, so it is very good at taking electrons from other elements.
400
Give the number of energy levels and the number of electrons in each level for Xenon.
5 energy levels
1st = 2e-
2nd = 8e-
3rd = 18e-
4th = 18e-
5th = 8e-
500
What property makes the one metal more reactive than another metal?
Metals lose electrons to react. Therefore, the metal with the lower electronegativity value will lose electrons more readily, and is more reactive.
500
Determine oxidation number for all elements.
Al +H2SO4 ----> Al2(SO4)3 + H2
What element is reduced?
What element is oxidized?
0, +1, +6, -2 ----> +3, +6, -2, 0
Reduced: Hydrogen
Oxidized: Aluminum
500
Most metals are mined as ores. They then need to be extracted from their ores. Describe 3 processes to remove metals from their ores.
1. Electrolysis: Electricity separates the elements
2. Smelting: Heating to high temperatures in presence of carbon
3. Roasting: Heating a sulfide ore in the presence of air
4. Hydrometallurgy: the use of aqueous solutions (often acids)
500
1. What is the third most reactive metal on the metal activity series?
2. What is the second most reactive halogen?
3. If you put these two elements together, which would be oxidized and which would be reduced?
4. What would be the formula of the compound made?
1. Barium
2. Chlorine
3. Barium = oxidized
Chlorine = reduced
4. BaCl2
500
Give the complete electron configuration, noble gas electron configuration, and Bohr model for Uranium.
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p67s25f4
[Rn] 7s25f4
92 p
146 n
7 levels: 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 8, 2