Show:
History Mystery
Enlightenment
American Rev.
French Rev. / Napoleon
Latin American Rev.
100
What was the main idea of Unit 5? (Hint: we learned about many _______________)
Revolutions: Scientific Revolution, American (U.S.) Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American Revolutions
100
Which enlightenment thinker wrote more than 70 books on many liberties guaranteed in the U.S. Bill of Rights?
Voltaire - freedom of press, speech, assembly, religion, etc.
100
John Locke's "natural rights" inspired which important U.S. document? AND Who was it written by?
U.S. Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson
100
***Double Jeopardy*** What were some causes of the French Revolution?
1. inspired by American colonists success in gaining independence from Britain. 2. economic problems...people were upset about rising price of bread, high taxes, etc. 3. questions about authority and power (questioning unequal and unfair gov't)...thanks to Enlightenment ideas
100
Which Latin American nation was first to gain independence from a European nation? Bonus 100 pts. - Which European nation controlled most of Latin America before all of the Latin American Revolutions?
Saint Domingue (Haiti) Bonus - Spain
200
Describe the "Age of Enlightenment".
The time period in which people started using reasoning and new understandings about the universe...used observation, experimentation, data, etc. (and not the Church's teachings). Many advancements made in science and medicine. Inspired revolutions (change in government systems, beliefs and ideas...as well as newly independent nations) around the world.
200
Which invention greatly increased the influence of Enlightenment thinkers?
printing press
200
What type of government was created as a result of the American (U.S.) Revolution? And which group of "thinkers" inspired this Revolution?
A republic was created and the "philosophes" (Enlightenment thinkers) inspired the American (U.S.) Revolution. HINT: this is a cause and effect...
200
What were some major effects of the French Revolution?
1. End of absolute monarchy...beginning of a representative government (limited constitutional monarchy,then democratic republic)...ideas of liberty, democracy, equality 3. Reign of Terror (ruled by Maximilien Robespierre)...ended after he is beheaded 4. Napoleon takes control of France...and rest of Europe 5. idea of nationalism grows...causes revolutions around the world
200
A major goal of the Latin American Revolutions was to gain unity among the newly formed independent nations. Did this happen?
Unity among the newly independent nations did not happen.
300
What are "natural rights"? AND Who argued for these rights?
These rights are "basic human rights"...guaranteed in U.S. Constitution, Declaration of Independence, and Bill of Rights..."all man is born with the right to life, liberty, and property". John Locke argues for these...
300
Why were Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei considered "rebels" of their time? (in fact, Galilei was put on trial for his "thoughts/findings")
Went against the Church's teachings that the sun revolved around Earth (Copernicus believed that Earth instead revolved around the sun and then Galilei proved him right).
300
What was the cause (reasoning) for the Boston Tea Party?
American colonists were upset about an import tax on tea.
300
Who was Napoleon? AND describe his rise to power and accomplishments (effects of Napoleon)
Napoleon was a French well trained military man who took control over France by seizing (forcefully taking control) power post-French Revolution. He invaded and conquered most of Europe. Created a fair and modern legal code that French still use today. Also founded the French banking system. Caused nationalistic feelings (proud of nation) around the world...but this also led to many independence movements in Latin America.
300
What is "nationalism"? AND How was it used as a "powerful weapon" against Napoleon?
Nationalism is the belief (devotion) in a nation...was used as a "powerful weapon" against Napoleon because native people gained a new feeling of loyalty/devotion to their nation and wanted independence from foreign rulers such as Napoleon.
400
Describe the voting system in France pre-revolution. Make sure to include in your answer: How many Estates were there? Who could vote? How did the system work? Was the system fair/unfair?
There were 3 "Estates". Each got 1 vote, even though the 3rd Estate represented 98% of the population. In other words, it was an unfair system in which the 3rd Estate (majority of population...poor) could never win.
400
Which ancient civilizations greatly influenced the philosophes (Enlightenment thinkers) and the creation of modern governments around the world? AND Describe their contributions (what ideas they came up with).
Romans and Greeks greatly influenced the Enlightenment thinkers and the creation of many modern governments all around the world. The Romans and Greeks created the ideas of citizenship, republic, democracy, written laws (legal code), and natural laws (basic rights that you are born with).
400
Describe some causes of the American (U.S.) Revolution. Make sure to include: specific details on causes and influence from abroad, AND technology.
High taxes being paid to British government in which American colonists did not have any representation (violated their natural rights). High taxes and strict trade laws include: Stamp Act (tax on official documents, papers, etc.), Navigation Acts (trade law prohibiting American colonists from selling/trading with anyone except Britain), and tax on tea imports. Enlightenment thinkers influenced them...ideas spread thanks to printing press.
400
What were Napoleon's "3 costly mistakes"?
1. thirst for power (got greedy, lost most of his army) 2. accidentally caused nationalistic feelings (controlled nations wanted independence) 3. ordered a blockade (weakened French economy)
400
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture? AND what role did he play in Latin American Revolution history?
He was an ex-slave (untrained in military but proved to be a skilled general and leader) who took control of Saint Domingue (Haiti) and freed to slaves; Haiti became the 1st black colony to free itself from European control.
500
Name at least 2 Enlightenment thinkers and explain their influence on the U.S. government (and many other modern governments around the world).
Baron de Montesquieu = checks and balances (separation of government powers) John Locke = Declaration of Independence / U.S. Constitution Voltaire = freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion...Bill of Rights Rousseau = Social Contract (people should be part of government process)...democratic republic = self-govern rule...U.S. Constitution
500
Name at least 3 "philosophes" that were extremely influential in the creation of many modern governments around the world.
Voltaire - freedom of speech, religion, assembly, etc. Beccaria - abolish torture, cruel and unusual punishment Montesquieu - separation of powers Rousseau - social contract (people involved in gov't benefits all) Locke - natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) Wollstonecraft - equal rights for women
500
Describe some major EFFECTS of the American (U.S.) Revolution. Answer: What are some important documents as a result? What did these documents "say" guarantee)? What type of government resulted from it?
Became a democratic republic; Important documents include: Bill of Rights (natural rights, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, right to bear arms, etc.), U.S. Constitution (democratic republic...self-governing rule, separate branches of government, natural rights, etc.), and Declaration of Independence (declaring independence from Britain)
500
What were the 3 goals of the Congress of Vienna? (make sure to talk about how "map" of Europe changed)
1. wanted to prevent future French aggression 2. wanted to restore a balance of power 3. wanted to restore Europe's royal families to the thrones (that they previously controlled before Napoleon's conquests)
500
Who did Brazil gain independence from? AND why was their fight for independence unique? (hint: 2 reasons)
Portugal; Unique because no bloody battles or riots and a member of the Portuguese royal family actually helped them gain independence (became ruler after natives signed a petition). Also, most Latin American nations gained their independence from Spain.