Native American Conflicts
Define "assimilation"
Forced adoption of culture
How did Cornelius Vanderbilt make his money and what kind of integration did he use?
Railroads and shipping
Vertical integration
How did Social Darwinism and Laissez Faire capitalism affect the economy
The lack of regulations on business allowed for the creation of monopolies by exploiting the working class.
Why were nativists mad at "New Immigrants"?
Nativists were anti-immigrant because they did not want competition for jobs.
Name and define one strategy that labor unions use to advocate for better working conditions?
Collective Bargaining - negotiate as a group
Strikes - refuse to work
Boycotts - refuse to buy products
What was the goal of the Progressive Movement?
Goal: To help the working class
How: by returning control of the government to the people, increasing economic opportunities, and correct injustices in society
What is meant by the term, Captains of Industry? Double Points: What is an example?
Robber Barons can be beneficial for society by providing new products and funding libraries and universities.
What was the goal of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 and what did it do?
Goal: to force Native Americans to assimilate to US culture
What: Broke up tribal land on reservations into privately owned lots
How did Andrew Carnegie make his money and what kind of integration did he use?
Steel - Bessemer process made steel cheaply
Vertical Integration
Who was the most famous Populist presidential Candidate and what did he mean in his Cross of Gold Speech?
William Jennings Bryan ran as the Democratic candidate in 1896.
He was advocating for bimetallism as a way to help the common person and farmer, arguing that the gold standard only helped the rich.
Name one nativist policy the US government passed during this time period.
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: Prohibited Chinese people from immigrating to the US. Chinese people living in the US had to reapply as permanent residents, not citizens.
Immigration Act of 1924: Barred anyone from immigrating that would not be able to apply for citizenship. Heavily affected Asian and SE European Immigrants (New Immigrants)
How did businesses respond to labor unions in the Gilded Age? Who did the government side with?
Yellow-dog contracts- forbade workers from unionizing
Blacklists - companies agree to not hire union workers
Lockouts - employees not allowed to return to work
Hire Scabs - hire non union workers as replacements (Often Immigrants or African Americans)
Government almost always sided with the businesses during the Gilded Age
What did the Progressive Era Amendments establish? 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th
16th - Progressive Income Tax
17th - Direct Election of Senators
18th - Prohibition of alcohol
19th - Women's Suffrage
Who wrote the Gospel of Wealth and what was his message?
Carnegie - The wealthy were expected to help society - philanthropy
List an effect that western expansion had on the Native Americans.
Poverty and decline in population
Loss of land - Reservation System
Assimilation - Dawes Act
Violence - Indian Wars
Decline in Buffalo population - Railroad
How did John D. Rockefeller make his money and what kind of integration did he use?
Standard Oil Company
Horizontal Integration first, vertical later
List at least one economic and one political policy that was part of the Omaha Platform.
Economic
Bimetallism- adding silver to the money supply and using Greenbacks (paper $)
Gov’t regulation/public ownership of railroads
Progressive income tax: Higher income = Higher taxes
Political
Direct Election of Senators
Secret ballot: vote in secret
Referendum: when state legislature or congress puts an issue to the people directly and the people vote on the issue
Recall/ petition: citizens can vote someone out of office before their time expires
List at least one effect of growing industrialization
Urbanization - growth of cities
Increased standard of living (for some, not all)
Rise of the Middle Class
Other countries invest in the US - Growing global power
Who were the Knights of Labor? Why did they end up failing?
Labor union that represented sall men and women workers. Advocated for equal pay for equal work, end to child labor, and and 8 hour workday.
Failed because the public turned on them after some violent strikes.
Who came up with the Square Deal and what did it include?
Teddy Roosevelt's 3 C's: Control monopolies, Conserve nature, and protect the Consumer
List one way that the government settled the west.
Homestead Act - 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it for at least 5 years
Military - forced Native Americans to reservations
Land Grants and Subsidies to Railroad companies
Explain Richard Pratt's concept, "Kill the Indian, Save the man"
It justified boarding schools like the Carlisle school.
It is the idea that Native Americans were wouldn't be able to survive if they did not fully assimilate into US culture
How did JP Morgan make his money and how did he help the US government?
Banking and Finance - bought smaller companies, made them more efficient, and turned a profit
Bailed out the US government during multiple depressions
Name one of the impacts of the Populist Party
While they did not change anything at the time, the following ideas would be implemented later:
Secret Ballot
Graduated Income Tax (16th Amendment)
Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment)
Bimetallism
What is a Political Machine and who ran the most famous one in New York City?
A corrupt political organization who took power and abused it for their own gain.
Boss Tweed - Tammany Hall
Summarize the Haymarket Riot, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike.
Haymarket Riot: Mill workers protest for 8 hour work day. Unionists attack men who cross the pickett line. Gov't/police shut it down. Bomb explodes. Hurts Union effort and increases anti-immigrant sentiment.
Homestead Strike: Carnegie Steel plant manager increases production demands and lowers wages. Union workers go on strike. National Guard sent to stop strike. Negotiations start, but an anarchist tried to kill the plant manager, so the public sided with Carnegie Steel. SHowed how hard it was to stop big business.
Pullman Strike: Pullman Company (Railroads) fired workers and cut wages, but kept company housing rent the same. ARU strikes, which greatly affected the economy. President Cleveland uses the military to end the strike.
List how each of the following Muckrakers impacted their specific industry: Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, Jane Addams, and Ida Tarbell
Upton Sinclair - Wrote The Jungle, exposing the horrors of the meat packing industry. Lead to the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906
Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives, which exposed the terrible living conditions in tenements. Led to urban changes and better living conditions for immigrants
Jane Addams - Mother of Social Work. Created settlement houses for the poor. Mostly women, children, and immigrants
Ida Tarbell - Exposed Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust, which led it to be broken up
Horizontal: creating a monopoly by buying out your competitors
Vertical: creating a monopoly by owning each part of the supply chain