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Individuals will use shared/public resources in their own self interest, degrading them
What is Tragedy of The Commons
A forestry technique that involves removing all or most of the trees in a specific area at once
What is Clear-Cutting
The shift in agriculture away from small, family operated farms to large, industrial-scale agribusiness is called...
The Green Revolution
What is monocropping?
Growing one single species (corn, wheat, soy) of crop. It is highly efficient for harvest, pesticide and fertilizer application
Humans use the most amount of water for...
Agriculture
What is Bottom Trawling?
An especially harmful fishing method that involves dragging a large net along ocean floor
Urbanization is...
The converting of natural landscapes to cities.
Affluence (wealth) increases carbon & ecological footprint
Larger houses
More travel (gas)
More resources needed for material goods (cars, etc.)
Meat consumption - more land, more water, more energy
Fossil fuel usage (heating, electricity, travel, plastic)
What is Aquaculture?
Raising fish, or other aquatic species in cages/enclosures underwater
What is a method to solve Tragedy of The Commons
Private land ownership (individual or gov.)
Fees or taxes for use
How can clear cutting cause erosion?
Caused by loss of stabilizing root structure
These crops have genes for drought tolerance, pest resistance, faster growth, and larger frui
What are GMOs
What is water-logging in soil?
Overwatering can saturate the soil, filling all soil pore space with water
True or False: Pesticides become more efficient over time.
False
Populations of fish used for commercial fishing
What are fisheries?
Trends in population show _________ regions growing faster.
a. rural
b. urban
c. suburban
Suburban
Name a way to decrease ones ecological footprint.
Renewable energy use (wind, solar, hydroelectric)
Public transportation (less gas)
Plant-based diet
Less consumption, less travel, less energy use
Name one drawback of aquaculture.
High density produces high concentration of waste (e. coli & eutrophication risks)
High density increases disease risk, which can be transmitted to wild populations as well
May introduce non-native species or GMOs to local ecosystem if captive fish escape
Fish are fed antibiotics which can contaminate water via their waste
Name an act put into place to protect environmental resources for all individuals.
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
How can clear cutting lead to increased soil and stream temp?
Loss of tree shade increases soil temperature
Loss of tree shade along rivers & streams warms them
Synthetic fertilizers are man made. What is an example of an organic fertilizer.
Compost or Manure
What is the most efficient form of irrigation?
Drip Irrigation
True or False: GMO crops are genetic clones of one another.
GM crops are all genetically identical (clones) so there is no genetic diversity in the pop. If there is disease or pest that does affect the GM crops, they’re all vulnerable and there’s no chance of a genetic mutation providing an adaptive trait
What is surface mining?
Removal of overburden (Soil, vegetation, & rocks that are removed to get to an ore deposit below) to access ore near surface
Concrete is impervious. This means that...
Tt does not allow water through. Therefore not allowing water to infiltrate into the ground.
What is Biocontrol
Bringing in a natural predator or parasite to control the pest
What are some negative impacts caused by tilling soil. (Mixing and breaking up soil to make planting easier)
Increase erosion
Loss of organic matter
Increased particle matter in the air.
Name three benefits of forests.
Filter/Clean Air
Store and remove CO2 from the atmosphere
Habitat for Organisms
Drawing water from the ground or nearby surface waters and distributing it on fields to increase plant growth
What is irrigation
The process of salt building up in a soil over time is called...
What is salinization
Which food is the least energy efficient?
Soy, corn, poultry, beef, dairy
Beef
A commercially valuable deposits of concentrated minerals that can be harvested and used as raw materials
What is Ore
Population movement out of dense, urban centers to less dense suburban areas surrounding the city
What is Urban Sprawl
How does crop rotation support deter pests?
Rotating crops (planting a different crop each season) can prevent pests from becoming established since it disrupts their preferred food choice
What is a negative of synthetic fertilizers?
Don’t return organic matter to soil; no increased H2O holding cap. & no soil decomposers
Leaching: water carries excess nutrients (nitrates & phosphates) into groundwater or into surface waters (as runoff)
Contaminates groundwater for drinking
Causes eutrophication of surface waters
Method of clearing land for agriculture by cutting trees & burning them releases CO2, N2O and water vapor into the atmosphere (all GHGs)
What is Slash and Burn
These are chemicals sprayed on crops that kill weeds, insects, rodents and other pests that eat or damage crops
What are pesticides.
What is a Saltwater Intrusion?
Excessive pumping near coast lowers water table pressure, allowing saltwater to seep into groundwater
Large, open storage pits for animal waste (manure) are referred to as...
Manure Lagoons. (These can even flood!)
Rainwater leaking into abandoned mine tunnels & mixes with pyrite, forming sulfuric acid
What is Acid Mine Drainage
What is Mixed Land Use
Residential, business, and entertainment buildings all located in the same area of a city
A method of preventing large forest fires by setting, and moitoring, small ones.
What is a prescribed burn.