The Federal Judiciary
This article of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch.
Article III
He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 to 1835, establishing the power of the federal judiciary.
John Marshall
This branch of government is primarily responsible for creating laws that become public policy.
The Legislative Branch
This amendment guarantees citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.
14th amendment
This amendment extends the Due Process Clause to the states and also guarantees equal protection under the law.
14th amendment
This Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in 1803.
Marbury v. Madison
In this case, the Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Constitution and supported a strong federal government.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Interest groups attempt to influence public policy through this activity of persuading lawmakers.
Lobbying
This amendment prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
15th amendment
This Supreme Court case used the Equal Protection Clause to end racial segregation in public schools.
Brown vs Board of Education
Federal judges are appointed by the President but must be approved by this body.
The U.S. Senate
what political party was Chief Justice John Marshall
Federalist
A government decision to raise taxes and decrease spending to slow inflation is an example of this type of policy.
These three amendments are often called this because they were passed after the Civil War.
Reconstruction Amendments
This clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has been used to challenge laws that discriminate or violate individual rights.
Equal Protection Clause
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that states cannot tax federal institutions.
McCulloch v. Maryland
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Court ruled that states could not do this to federal institutions.
tax them
When courts interpret laws and determine their constitutionality, they are shaping public policy through this power.
Judicial Review
These groups emerged in the South in response to the Reconstruction Amendments and sought to undermine their impact.
What are white supremacist groups (such as the Ku Klux Klan)
This type of due process requires the government to follow fair procedures before depriving a person of life, liberty, or property.
Procedural Due Process
This type of opinion disagrees with the majority opinion and explains why the justices disagrees.
dissenting opinion
Who was the president coming in that said not to issue the appointments that were left?
Thomas Jefferson
When Congress passes environmental regulations that limit pollution from factories, this type of policy is being created
Regulatory Policy
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were designed to enforce this amendment.
15th amendment
This type of due process protects certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if procedures are fair.
substantive due process