Hedging Devices
This is the general term for language speakers use to sound less certain or definite about what they're saying.
hedging (language)
This adjective describes something extremely small or tiny.
minute
This NASA spacecraft mission, launched in 1977, carried the Golden Record into space.
Voyager
This is the general term for a collection of objects from a particular time, buried or stored to be opened by future generations.
time capsule
This 1969 NASA mission was the first to land astronauts on the Moon.
Apollo 11
Is the sentence 'I definitely think that researching outer space is something we should prioritize' cautious or definite?
definite
This noun refers to an unexpected stroke of luck or accidental success that happens by chance, not skill.
fluke
Name one type of content included on the Golden Record, besides music.
spoken greetings, natural sounds, or scientific images/photos of human life (any one)
This country launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into orbit in 1957.
the Soviet Union
This orbiting space station has been continuously staffed since 2000 through cooperation between the US, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada.
the International Space Station (ISS)
Is the sentence 'Um, intelligent life is probably out there somewhere — at least it could be' cautious or definite?
cautious
This adjective describes a kind, well-meaning being — the opposite of hostile or aggressive.
benevolent
This American astronomer chaired the committee that selected the contents of the Golden Record.
Carl Sagan
This Soviet cosmonaut became the first human being to travel into space, in 1961.
Yuri Gagarin
This European Space Agency mission successfully landed a probe on a comet for the first time in 2014.
Rosetta (or Philae, the lander)
Name two hedging phrases or words that make a statement sound less certain.
sort of, kind of, like, maybe, perhaps, I think, as far as I'm aware, or similar
This noun refers to something that deviates from what's standard, normal, or expected.
anomaly
According to the text, if a distant civilization discovered the record, how could they work out its age?
by studying the ratio of uranium to other elements on the record's cover sample?
In 2019, this country's Chang'e 4 mission became the first spacecraft ever to land on the far side of the Moon.
China
Completed in 2022, this is China's own crewed space station, orbiting Earth independently of the ISS.
Tiangong
According to the Sounds Good box, what happens to a speaker's pace and intonation when they're hedging?
they speak more slowly, pause more often, and sometimes use rising intonation
This phrase means for something, like a plan or a long-term project, to be completed successfully.
come to fruition
Where are the Voyager probes located today?
interstellar space
In 2023, this country's Chandrayaan-3 mission made it the first nation to land a spacecraft near the Moon's south pole.
India
This Japanese space agency mission successfully returned samples from an asteroid back to Earth in 2020.
Hayabusa2 (JAXA)