Catholic Church
Why were cathedrals built the way they were. Very large?
To inspire awe.
How did the black plague get started?
The plague is thought to have originated in Asia (China) over 2,000 years ago and was likely spread by trading ships. These trading shipping would have rats on them infected by the dease and then they would infect the fleas that were on the rats. The fleas would then jump for host to host infected all they bit. When the ships arrived to port people would be dying and the rats would jump off the ships infecting the port city.
What were Disney Movies That Were Inspired By Medieval Castles?
Sleeping Beauty, Little Mermaid, and Snow White & the 7 Dwarfs.
What are the biggest churches called?
Cathedrals
How did the Black Plague spread?
We are not exactly sure how it spread. But we think it could have been by Touch, Bodily fluids from sneezing or Fleas from rats
What were 2 things medieval castles were used for?
Protection and a status symbol.
How much land did the catholic church eventually owned during the Medieval period?
⅓ of the land in Western Europe
What Are The Symptoms Of A Person Sick With The Plague?
Swellings, either on the groin or under the armpits…waxed to the bigness of a common apple, others to the size of an egg, some more and some less, and these the vulgar named plague-boils.”
Blood and pus seeped out of these strange swellings,
fever,
chills,
vomiting,
diarrhea,
terrible aches and pains
What are 3 styles or developments of castles?
Roman Forts, Motte and Bailey Castles and Iconic stone castles.
What are the 4 ways the catholic church played a major role during the Medieval period?
The local church was the the center of town life, People attended weekly ceremonies, They were married, confirmed, and buried at the church, The church even confirmed kings on their thrown giving them the divine right to rule
How Did Doctors Treat The Plague Back Then?
Physicians relied on crude and unsophisticated techniques such as:
bloodletting and boil-lancing (practices that were dangerous as well as unsanitary)
burning aromatic herbs and bathing in rosewater or vinegar.
Snake Venom
Place onion on the soars.
What is a Motte and Bailey castle?
This was a wooden fort that was placed on top of a mound of earth called a: “Motte.” It was connected to a courtyard called a bailey, which was surrounded by a wooden fence and a ditch.
How did the church become rich and powerful?
The Catholic Church became very rich and powerful during the Middle Ages. People gave the church 1/0th of their earning in tithes. They also paid the church for various sacraments such as baptism, marriage, and communion. People also paid penance to the church. The wealthy often gave the church land.
What were some other effects of the Black Plague?
Healthy people did all they could to avoid the sick.
Doctors refused to see patients;
Priests refused to administer last rites;
Shopkeepers closed their stores.
Many people fled the cities for the countryside,
but even there they could not escape the disease: It affected cows, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens as well as people.
What is an iconic stone castle?
The iconic stone castle was a lasting fortification of the medieval period, but its design evolved in the 12th and 13th centuries to offer more protection against invasion. A lower wall was added in between the moat and the turreted defensive wall, enabling archers to shoot arrows from both levels and enhancing the overall defense of the castle.
What was the leadership structure of the catholic church?
The leader of the Catholic Church was the Pope. Right below the pope were powerful men called Cardinals . Next were bishops and abbots. Even bishops held a lot of power on the local level and often served on the council of the king.
Why Did Some People Believe The Black Plague was God’s Punishment?
They did not understand the biology of the disease, - Divine punishment—retribution for sins against God such as greed, blasphemy, heresy, fornication and worldliness.
Both Jews and Muslims were persecuted and kicked out of towns because the people thought God was punishing their community because these infidels lived there. Jews however, were the worst persecuted.
What was the first famous castle in England?
The tower of white London: Built by William the Conqueror between 1078 and 1097
What shape were cathedrals during the medieval period built in?
Cross
How Did the Black Death End?
The plague never really ended and it returned with a vengeance years later. But officials in the port city of Ragusa were able to slow its spread by keeping arriving sailors in isolation until it was clear they were not carrying the disease—creating social distancing that relied on isolation to slow the spread of the disease.
The sailors were initially held on their ships for 30 days (a trentino), a period that was later increased to 40 days, or a quarantine—the origin of the term “quarantine” and a practice still used today.
How much was the cost for a king to build and maintain a castle?
The cost of building and maintaining castles amounted to around _40%_ of a king’s annual income!
What kind of architectural style were medieval cathedrals used?
Gothic
Who were the The Plague Doctors?
They were doctors during the Black Plague that developed what they hope would be a protected garment from the plague. 1. The mask: Looks like a bird with a big beak. The beaks were stuff with aromatic herbs to ward off the stench of decaying bodies and nullify the germs that caused the plague. 2. The garment and gloves were covered each day with animal fat to see any holes the germ might pass through. 3. The doctors carried a staff (stick) to use to examine sick people without having to personally touch them.
Where was the toilet located in a castle?
The toilet was in the wardrobe (clothes closet)
What did people use to build cathedrals with taller walls but not as wide walls?
Buttresses.
How many people died in Florence, Italy during the Black Plague?
Between 45% - 75% of the people of Florence, Italy died in a single year.
Why were cloths kept in the same room as the toilet?
Clothes were kept close to the toilet in a bid to prevent insects from damaging them – the idea being that the odor would act as a deterrent.
What are 4 different types of artwork used in cathedrals?
stained Glass windows And sculptures and architecture, Painted Murals.
How many people died in Venice, Italy in an 18 month period?
In Venice, Italy, 60% of the population died within 18 months. About 500 people per day.
Where did human waste go after a person used the toilet in a castle?
It fell down into the water of the moat or to the open field.
What other religions were in Europe during the medieval period?
Viking gods, Muslims, and Jews.
How many Europeans died from the Black Plague?
Approximately 25 million Europeans died from the plague
Why did stairs in a castle always turn clockwise going up?
A constant feature in the design of medieval castles was that staircases were built in a spiraling form and always turned clockwise. The reason for this was entirely practical, with stairs forming part of a castle’s internal defense system.
What is the main body of a cathedral called?
Nave
What group of people were blamed most for bringing the Black Plague and what happened to them?
Jews. They were being killed
What was the most vulnerable part of the medieval castle?
The Well
Who was usually the first person to be converted to Christianity in a country?
King
Why were wells dug inside the castle walls?
So invaders could not contaminate the water supply during a siege.
What did Gothic architecture allow for in cathedrals?
Thinner walls, Taller Walls and Tall Windows on the Walls
What was the most important defense strategy for a castle?
It’s location - where it should be built.
A cathedral was the headquarters of this church leader?
Bishop
Why were castles often built around the sea?
Some castles were built close to the sea, a location that served two purposes: not only did it enable the sighting of any incoming naval invasions, but it was hoped that imposing clifftop stone fortresses would help to repel unwanted invaders by demonstrating military strength.