Agriculture & Weather
A plant that is deliberately planted, protected, cared for, and used by humans and is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors
Domesticated plant
Food production mainly for consumption by the farming family & local community, rather than principally for sale in the market.
Subsistence agriculture
Where corn was first domesticated
Mesoamerica
One example of agricultural equipment of the Second Agricultural Revolution
Steel plow, seed drill, mechanical reaper, scythe, early tractor, railroads
The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land.
Monocropping
The average pattern of weather over a 30-year period for a particular region
Climate
A small-scale farming system in which a farmer plants one to a few acres that produce a diverse mixture of vegetables & fruits, mostly for sale in local & regional markets.
Market gardening
Land survey system created by the U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785, which divides most of the country’s territory into a grid of square-shaped townships with 6-mile sides; ignores physical boundaries
Township and Range
One benefit of the Columbian Exchange
Theory that explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district (CBD) increase
Bid-rent
These climates are located nearest the equator
Tropical
An agricultural practice that includes crop cultivation & livestock rearing systems that use high level of labor & capital relative to the size of the landholding.
Intensive agriculture
A survey system that uses natural features such as trees, boulders, and streams to delineate property boundaries.
Metes and bounds
Industrially manufactured nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium made from petroleum by-products, containing higher concentrations of nutrients for plants than natural versions
A large corporation that provides a vast array of goods & services to support the agricultural industry
Agribusiness
The arrangements of shapes on Earth's surface
Topography
Crop cultivation & livestock rearing systems that require little hired labor or monetary investment to successfully raise crops & animals.
Extensive agriculture
The interaction and widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, disease, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Columbian Exchange
The U.S.-supported development of high-yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops & accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries (1960s & 1970s)
Green Revolution
One thing that has increased agricultural carrying capacity
industrial inputs (agrichemicals), mechanization
These climates are located in the northern parts of continents in the Northern Hemisphere
Continental
Planting multiple crops together in the same clearing
Intercropping
The period during which the early domestication & diffusion of plants & animals and the cultivation of seed crops led to the development of culture.
First Agricultural Revolution
Expense of seed, fertilizer, & mechanization
Loss of subsistence farming, plant diversity, genetic variety, and food security
Environmental impact
Some places faired better than others (i.e. Africa)
The more produced, the lower the cost of production and the higher the profit
Economies of scale