The Industrial Revolution
Begins
Begins
(Second) Agricultural Revolution
During this period, Britain moved their cotton industry from ______ to _______.
India; Americas
By 1900, [country] was the leading industrial force in the world.
the U.S.
Term: European countries forced China to give them exclusive trading rights in specific areas following the Opium Wars
spheres of influence
Two effects of consumerism
rise in living standards; increased advertising (esp. toward middle class); increase in leisure activities; increase in sale of athletic equipment and equipment for other leisure activities
Columbian Exchange; maritime empires; increased agricultural productivity; larger middle class with increased capital
Two advantages that allowed Britain to rapidly industrialize
This railroad had more than 36,000 miles connecting commercial and industrial areas in Russia
Trans-Siberian Railroad
One reason the Ottoman Empire was known as the the “Sick Man of Europe” during this time period
over expansion & lack of technological modernization; ethnic nationalism; corruption; European (Russian) expansion
Two countries hurt by European textile production in the 1800s
India & Egypt
The cottage industry ended because
factories were needed to house the large machinery developed to produce textiles at a faster rate; water frame & spinning Jenny
One difference between the first and second Industrial Revolutions
first: textiles. steam power, iron
second: steel, chemicals, precision machinery, electronics
The first Asian country to industrialize
Japan
Name of the Japanese transition to industrialization where they adopted Western technology and methods in order to protect Japanese culture; also overthrew the shogun & restored emperor’s power
Meiji Restoration
Term: the control of a specific business and elimination of all competition
[+100 example from the IR]
monopoly
[Alfred Krupp & the German steel industry; Rockefeller & the U.S. oil industry]
Eli Whitney created a system of _____________ for manufacturing firearms in the US, and other entrepreneurs adapted this method for other products.
interchangeable parts
(a) Define division of labor
(b) Define speoializaiotn of labor
(b) because of the division of labor, individuals begin to specialize in a specific task
Reason Japan began to focus on industry
desire to maintain its own domestic traditions/culture
Muhammad Ali
TERM: businesses chartered by a government as a legal entity and owned by stockholders; replaced single entrepreneurship
Corporations
The Industrial Revolution began in [country]
Britain
The 4 factors of production
land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship
Reason India’s mining industry failed
After the Sepoy Rebellion, Britain began to close mines being used to extract lead for ammo, then restricted India’s access to minerals and the production of firearms.
Two Meiji reforms
limited liability