Igneous Rocks
How are igneous rocks formed?
When magma or lava cool and solidify
How is sedimentary rock formed?
Weathering by wind, water, or other agents break rock into sediment.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks that have changed due to extreme heat and pressure
Acid rain is an example of what? (two words)
Chemical Weathering
What are the two types of weathering?
chemical and mechanical (physical)
Igneous rocks can be ___________ or ___________.
intrusive or extrusive
Layers of sedimentary rock are called ________.
strata
The layers of metamorphic rocks are called ______.
Foliation
What is erosion?
the transport of weathered material; moving
Abrasion is when water or wind _____ away the surface of rocks
scrape
What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?
Extrusive: Lava cools quickly ON Earth's surface
Intrusive: Magma cools slowly BELOW Earth's surface
What is compaction?
The layers of a foliated metamorphic rock are usually ________.
wavy
What is deposition?
The process of water, wind, or gravity depositing or DROPPING sediment
molten/melted
Granite is a hard igneous rock made of fine grains and small clearly visible crystals of various minerals. Granites are used for buildings and houses, especially in the kitchen and bathroom. Is granite intrusive or extrusive?
Intrusive
What is cementation?
Minerals in water glue the sediment together
Metamorphic rocks often form at the boundaries of ____ _____ due to immense pressure on the crust.
tectonic plates
Which processes have the biggest effect on the formation of Florida beaches?
erosion and weathering
The force that drives erosion and deposition
gravity
What is the relationship between igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Igneous rocks change into metamorphic rocks because of high temperature/heat and pressure.
_________ and ____________ turn sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks.
Heat and Pressure
How does an igneous rock turn into a metamorphic rock?
Heat and pressure
Why are weathering, erosion, and deposition all important to the rock cycle?
Weathering breaks down rock into sediment. This sediment is moved by erosion and formed into new rock.
What is the difference between an experiment and an observational study?
In an experiment, variables are manipulated. In an observational study, we measure or survey members of a sample without trying to affect them.