Minerals
What are the 5 criteria to be a mineral?
Fixed chemical formula, specific Atomic structure, Naturally occurring, Inorganic, Solid
FANIS
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
How would a rock go from a metamorphic rock to an igneous rock?
Cooling and hardening
Define lava.
Molten rock that reaches Earth's surface.
Quartzite is a rock that can form at the boundaries of tectonic plates. Over time, sandstone buried at the boundary is folded and changed by pressure and heat. The sandstone becomes quartzite. Quartzite is most likely a(n) _______________ rock.
Metamorphic
What mineral can scratch everything but nothing can scratch it?
Diamond
How are rocks classified?
How they are formed
Where would I most likely find a metamorphic rock?
Close to magma but not in magma
Define a mineral.
A solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substance.
Two students were discussing different types of rocks. Student 1 said that one type of rock cannot be changed into any other type of rock. Student 2 disagreed and showed Student 1 a sentence from a science textbook to prove his point.
How would student 2 explain how rocks can change into other rocks?
Explain the rock cycle.
If a mineral can scratch another mineral with a hardness of 6 but cannot scratch a mineral with a hardness of 8, where is the mineral on the Moh's scale?
About a 7
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
Minerals are inorganic and have a specific atomic structure.
What forms when igneous rock is weathered and eroded?
sediment
Define hardness.
The resistance to scratch.
A class looks at a sandstone sample from a cliff near a river. The students identify it as a sedimentary rock. Then they discuss what happened to the rock during the rock cycle.
Student 1: As hot, liquid rock cooled, it created new crystals. The temperature of the liquid rock determined the size of the minerals.
Student 2: Preexisting minerals that became unstable in high heat and pressure changed into new minerals to form the sandstone.
Student 3: Deep underground, the existing minerals crystalized and grew larger.
Student 4: Pieces of sand accumulated over time. The sand was buried under more layers and eventually compressed into a solid rock.
Which student has the MOST accurate description?
Student 4
Fluorite has a glassy luster and a white streak. It’s an inorganic solid with a specific chemical formula. Fluorite is used to make toothpaste. Is fluorite a mineral? Why or why not?
Yes, inorganic solid with a specific chemical structure
Are all rocks made of minerals?
Yes, minerals are the building blocks of rocks?
Extreme heat and pressure cause a ___________ rock.
Metamorphic
Define cleavage.
When a mineral breaks in a specific pattern.
A student is creating a chart for the purpose of classifying rocks based on how they are formed. The chart contains the rock type and the processes of formation. Which processes should the student include for sedimentary rock?
Compacting and cementing
1-5.5
What does the rock cycle show?
How rocks are formed
How would an igneous rock get to a metamorphic rock?
Weathering and erosion, sediment, compacting and cementing, sedimentary, heat and pressure, metamorphic
Define the Moh's hardness scale.
The organization of minerals from soft to hardest.
Diorite is a rock with crystals. It can form when molten lava cools down in the Earth’s crust. Diorite is most likely a(n) __________________ rock.
Igneous