The Cell Cycle
Cells spend most of their time in which phase of the cell cycle?
a. Cytokinesis
b. Metaphase
c. Interphase
d. Prophase
c. Interphase
What are the four phases of mitosis in order?
a. Prophase, Anaphase, Metaphase, Telophase
b. Anaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Metaphase
c. Prophase, Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase
d. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
d. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
The best description of cancer...
a. Uncontrolled cell division
b. A contagious disease
c. A genetic disorder that is lethal
d. Any abnormal cells in the body
a. Uncontrolled cell division
Early in the development of an embryo, its cells have the potential to become any cell type in the body. What term describes the process by which these cells ultimately become specialized cells?
a. conjugation
b. differentiation
c. eutrophication
d. propagation
b. differentiation
The cell cycle describes the processes that take place as a cell
a. absorbs nutrients.
b. makes proteins.
c. repairs old cells.
d. forms new cells.
d. forms new cells.
Which process must take place before mitosis can occur properly?
a. active transport
b. aerobic respiration
c. DNA replication
d. protein synthesis
c. DNA replication
When does a tumor become considered malignant instead of benign?
a. when its cells cease to be regulated at cell cycle checkpoints
b. when its cells divide uncontrollably
c. when the cells can invade other organs or tissues
d. when its cells produce an abnormal mass at the original site
c. when the cells can invade other organs or tissues
Which property differentiates a muscle cell from a nerve cell?
a. Muscle cells and nerve cells have different DNA.
b. Muscle cells and nerve cells express different genes.
c. Muscle cells and nerve cells interact with other cell types.
d. Muscle cells and nerve cells have different organelles.
b. Muscle cells and nerve cells express different genes.
Why is the S phase of the cell cycle important?
a. The cell copies its DNA.
b. The cell grows.
c. The cell makes more organelles.
d. The cell divides into two daughter cells.
a. The cell copies its DNA.
If a chemical that disrupts cell division were added to a test tube containing human kidney cells, which process would stop?
a. active transport
b. cellular respiration
c. mitosis
d. photosynthesis
c. mitosis
What will likely happen if all cell cycle checkpoints stop working?
a. The cell will increase its cytoplasmic content.
b. The cell will undergo uncontrolled cell division.
c. The cell will initiate biochemical processes for cell death.
d. The cell will begin to break down and lose cell volume.
b. The cell will undergo uncontrolled cell division.
Which statement is true about the differentiated cells in an organism?
a. All cells begin with the same basic DNA but gain additional genes allowing them to differentiate.
b. Once fertilization occurs, differentiated cells exist because every cell contains different DNA.
c. Differentiated cells have the same DNA, but they do not activate all parts of their DNA.
d. All cells start with the same DNA but lose various non-essential segments of DNA during differentiation.
c. Differentiated cells have the same DNA, but they do not activate all parts of their DNA.
When in the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a. immediately before mitosis begins
b. immediately after mitosis begins
c. in the middle of mitosis
d. between the cycles of mitosis
d. between the cycles of mitosis
What happens to the nuclear envelope when a cell divides?
a. It breaks down and is later re-formed in the daughter cells.
b. It remains intact to protect the dividing DNA.
c. It divides in half and surrounds each set of chromosomes during division.
d. It becomes more permeable to cell growth hormones to encourage mitosis.
a. It breaks down and is later re-formed in the daughter cells.
Which of the following is NOT a difference between normal cell division and cancerous cell division?
a. Normal cells recognize signals that tell them to stop and start the cell cycle, but cancer cells do not.
b. Normal cells can invade other tissues, but cancer cells cannot.
c. In normal cells DNA is replicated correctly, but in cancer cells DNA is mutated.
d. Normal cells perform their usual functions, but cancer cells do not.
b. Normal cells can invade other tissues, but cancer cells cannot.
How can both daughter cells contain identical copies of DNA but have different functions?
a. Mitosis is independent of gene expression.
b. Mitosis is controlled by one type of gene.
c. Cellular differentiation occurs when DNA is being formed.
d. Cellular differentiation occurs because of gene expression.
d. Cellular differentiation occurs because of gene expression.
Which statement explains the nature of the assessment carried out at the G1 checkpoint?
a. The cell assesses the replicated DNA for errors that might have occurred during the process of replication.
b. The cell checks whether the chromosomes are properly attached at the spindle before dividing.
c. The cell evaluates the integrity of the DNA and checks for damage before DNA replication occurs.
d. The cell estimates whether the amount of DNA within the chromosomes is enough to divide.
c. The cell evaluates the integrity of the DNA and checks for damage before DNA replication occurs.
How is mitosis important in the reproduction of organisms?
a. Mitosis ensures the chromosome number of the daughter cells is identical to the parent cells, allowing unicellular organisms to reproduce identical offspring sexually.
b. Mitosis ensures the chromosome number of the daughter cells is identical to the parent cells, allowing unicellular organisms to reproduce identical offspring asexually.
c. Mitosis ensures the chromosome number of the daughter cells is half that of the parent cells, allowing unicellular organisms to reproduce more diverse offspring sexually.
d. Mitosis ensures the chromosome number of the daughter cells is half that of the parent cells, allowing unicellular organisms to reproduce more diverse offspring asexually.
b. Mitosis ensures the chromosome number of the daughter cells is identical to the parent cells, allowing unicellular organisms to reproduce identical offspring asexually.
Which statement is an accurate prediction as to what would likely happen to the cancer cells when separated from the tumor in the body?
a. The cells would not survive as they would not receive sufficient nutrients.
b. The cells would be carried by the blood to the kidneys for excretion.
c. The cells would stop dividing and be destroyed by the body’s immune system.
d. The cells would spread to other parts of the body through the lymph and blood vessels.
d. The cells would spread to other parts of the body through the lymph and blood vessels.
Which of the following allows a cell to become specialized?
a. location of the cell in the body
b. function of the cell in the body
c. different patterns of gene expression
d. different combinations of genes in the nucleus
c. different patterns of gene expression