Light-Dependent Rxns.
These are known as electron carriers, which take electrons from the split water molecule at the start of photosynthesis.
NADP+ (or NADPH)
This is the primary product of the Calvin Cycle.
Glucose (G3P, but it makes a full glucose after a second round)
How many steps are there in glycolysis?
10
What is the total yield of ATP from the Krebs Cycle?
2 ATP
Identify the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Oxygen - it will make H2O
This special intermembrane protein in the electron transport chain of the thylakoids, which makes cellular energy using the proton gradient.
ATP synthase - makes ATP (but just enough to "power" the Calvin Cycle.
ATP and NADPH give up the energy/electrons they carried over. What do they return as to the Light-Independent reactions?
ADP and NADP+
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
2 ATP (use 2 in steps 1-3, make 4 in the later steps)
These molecules connect the Krebs Cycle to Oxidative Phosphorylation.
NADH and FADH2
This intermembrane protein is also present in the Light-Independent reactions of photosynthesis, but due to the presence of O2 as the final electron acceptor, more cellular energy is made here.
ATP Synthase
These are the products of the light-dependent reactions, and they used in this way in subsequent phases of photosynthesis or in cellular respiration (must get all 4 AND their roles later to get full points)
Glucose - breaks down during glycolysis
Oxygen - electron acceptor during OxyPhos
ATP - "powers" Calvin Cycle
NADPH - gives up electrons to CO2 to create glucose
RuBisCO
Which form of fermentation will occur where CO2 is still produced?
Alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) must be fixed in the link reactions to be this molecule before it can move through the Krebs Cycle
Acetyl-CoA
What type of reactions occur in the electron transport chain and ATP synthase during OxyPhos?
Redox reactions
What is the process of photolysis and its significance in the light-dependent reactions?
Splitting of water using light energy. O2 leaves the chloroplast, ADP accepts the H+ to become ATP, and NADP+ accepts the electrons to become NADPH.
CAM plant cells are designed for drier climates. In what way is the Calvin Cycle altered by these plants.
The plant will only open their stomata at night to reserve water, which means they have to wait for the stomata to open at night in order to complete the Calvin Cycle.
Which category of enzymes are responsible for breaking down glucose in these steps?
Kinases
Out of these 2 stages, which one does not produce ATP?
Link Reaction
Explain how ATP is made during OxyPhos (need ALL MAJOR PARTS - but can generalize it)
O2 accepts the electrons from NADH and free H+, this drives the proton gradient, proton gradient "powers" ATP synthase to make ATP.
What wavelengths (colors) of light are most effective for driving photosynthesis and what molecule absorbs this light energy?
Red, blue, purple (blue is the absolute best); chlorophyll absorbs the energy (found in Photosystems 1 and 2)
These are the other possible names for this set of reactions.
Calvin Cycle, Dark Reactions, Carbon (fixation) reactions
This molecule is produced in this stage, but skips directly to Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH
Unlike the Calvin Cycle, there isn't a main product of this cycle. 2 electron carriers are made here, which link Krebs to OxyPhos, but what other molecule is made here that just exits the mitochondria?
CO2
Somewhere between 28-34 ATPs