INTERACTION & HOMEOSTASIS
What is homeostasis?
The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
System that uses electrical signals and acts very fast.
nervous system
Name of the cells responsible for transmitting information in the nervous system.
neurons
What is a reflex?
Fast and involuntary response to a stimulus.
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream.
What is interaction?
This function allows organisms to adapt to changes and coordinate body responses
System that uses hormones and produces long-lasting effects.
endocrine system
Which part of the neuron that receives information from other neurons?
dendrites
What is the somatic nervous system?
Nervous system that controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement.
What are target cells?
Cells that respond to a specific hormone.
What do receptors do?
They detect changes in the environment.
Type of signal used by the endocrine system
hormones
What is the axon?
Long nerve fibre that transmits the nerve impulse away from the cell body.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Nervous system that controls involuntary movements of internal organs.
Gland known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system.
pituitary gland
What are effector organs?
Organs that carry out the response, such as muscles or glands.
Which system has slower information transfer?
endocrine system
What are neurotransmitters?
Chemical substances released into the synaptic gap.
Type of nerve that carries information from receptors to the CNS.
sensory nerves
Brain structure that regulates the pituitary gland.
hypothalamus
If someone touched a hot flame, what would be the following:
- stimuli
- receptor
-coordination organ
- effector organ
- hot flame
- skin (receptors on skin)
- Spinal Cord (+CNS)
- muscle contraction
Explain why the endocrine system produces slower but longer-lasting effects than the nervous system
Because hormones travel through the bloodstream and act more slowly but for a longer time
Briefly describe the action of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are released from presynaptic neuron, cross the synaptic gap, and trigger a new impulse in the postsynaptic neuron
Describe the difference between a sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous response
The sympathetic nervous response prepares the body for action or stress (“fight or flight”), increasing heart rate and energy use, while the parasympathetic nervous response calms the body and conserves energy (“rest and digest”), slowing the heart rate and promoting digestion.
Explain how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland control other endocrine glands.
The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary, which releases hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.