Revolutions & Imperialism
This 18th-century "Revolution" led to a massive population boom and saw people moving from farms to crowded, often polluted cities.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
Imperial nations were constantly looking for these two things: cheap raw materials and new "markets" to sell their finished goods.
What are Economic Factors?
At this 1884-1885 meeting, European leaders sat around a map and divided Africa amongst themselves without a single African leader present.
What is the Berlin Conference?
These were Indian soldiers hired by the British East India Company who eventually led a massive rebellion in 1857
Who are Sepoys?
In this style of rule, the imperial power sends its own officials to run the government and leaves no decisions to the native people.
What is Direct Rule?
Karl Marx argued that under this economic system, the "worker becomes poorer the more wealth they produce," while factory owners get richer.
What is Capitalism?
This "racialized hierarchy" theory used the idea of "survival of the fittest" to claim that some races were superior to others.
What is Social Darwinism?
This Belgian King personally owned the Congo Free State and used extreme brutality, including cutting off hands, to force rubber production.
Who is King Leopold II?
This was the "immediate cause" of the Sepoy Rebellion: a rumor that new rifle cartridges were greased with the fat of these two animals
What are Cows and Pigs?
This term refers to an area where an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges, often seen in 19th-century China
What is a Sphere of Influence?
To protect themselves from dangerous working conditions and low wages, workers formed these organizations to negotiate with their bosses.
What are Labor Unions?
British missionaries often urged their government to take over new lands because they wanted to spread this religion to "natives."
What is Christianity?
This 1898 political cartoon shows world powers like England, Germany, and Russia carving up a "cake" that represents this East Asian country.
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What is China?
In a rare victory for Africa, Emperor Menelik II led this country to defeat the Italians at the Battle of Adwa.
What is Ethiopia?
Before the British government took over directly, this "multinational corporation" ran India like a business for profit.
What is the British East India Company (EIC)?
This economic theory, often tied to Adam Smith, suggests that the government should stay "hands-off" and let businesses compete without regulation.
What is Laissez-faire?
Although the Sepoy Rebellion was unsuccessful in the short term, its long-term effect was the rise of this—a sense of shared pride and identity that led the people of India to organize for independence.
What is Nationalism?
Before it was carved into "Spheres of Influence," China tried to limit Western trade using this restricted system.
What is the Canton System?
Although the Sepoy Rebellion was unsuccessful in the short term, its long-term effect was the rise of this—a sense of shared pride and identity that led the people of India to organize for independence.
What is Nationalism?
After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British government took direct control of India, a period known by this two-word name.
What is the British Raj?
This specific "Great Stink" in 1858 London was caused by raw sewage in the Thames River, proving that rapid city growth had serious health consequences.
What is the pollution/outbreak of diseases like Cholera?
Lord Frederick Lugard argued that Imperialism was a "necessity" to provide employment for his country's growing what?
What is Population?
British merchants smuggled this illegal drug into China to create an "opening" for trade, eventually leading to war.
What is Opium?
During this "Restoration," Japan decided to modernize and industrialize rapidly so they wouldn't be taken over like China was.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This style of rule occurs when a country remains independent, but its economy and trade are controlled by a foreign business or private interest rather than a foreign government.
What is Economic Imperialism