Definitions
What is a convergent boundary?
Edges of two plates are moving towards each other
True or False: The outer core is the hottest layer
Transform boundaries: plates slide along each other in ________ directions.
opposite
Explain how convection currents work in your own words
Various...
What is discontinuity?
The area of change when a seismic wave reaches a boundary between two different zones
True or False: Earth's continental crust is made up of granite and metamorphic/sedimentary rocks
True
There are _ large plates, __ medium sized plates and several microplates.
7, 7
What are the 4 main pieces of evidence of Wegener's continental drift theory?
-Geographical
-Geological
-Palaeoclimatic
-Palaeontogical
What is the continental slope?
The zone of transition between the continental and oceanic crusts...found about 4,000 meters deep and is a very steep slope. There are underwater canyons within it.
True or False: Alfred Wegener proposed the first mobilist theory of the continents
Seismic waves propogate in all directions from the focus (called the _______) of an earthquake. It studies two types of waves: P waves, which are ______ and able to travel through solids and liquids; and __ waves, which are slower and unable to travel through ________.
hypocentre, faster, S, liquids
Explain the two aspects in which earth's concentric layers differ
Geochemical composition --> the material they consist of and their physical state
Dynamic behaviour --> whether they are rigid, plastic or liquid, if there is any movement within them, etc.
What is a magma chamber?
Where rising magma accumulates in Earth's crust, close to the surface (volcanoes created here)
True or False: Divergent boundaries are also referred to being constructive
True
The cause of the movement and changes in the lithospheric plates is the internal dynamics of the ________. Plumes of ___ material rise to the lithosphere while avalanches of the remains of the plates sink into the _____ in the _________ zones.
geosphere, hot, mantle, subduction
Explain the heat from when the Earth was formed in your own words
Various...
What are lithospheric plates? (as it relates to the plate tectonic theory)
They are dynamic, move slowly across the sub-lithospheric mantle, change constantly
True or False: The Azca plate is directly West of the South American plate
False (Nazca)
Metamorphism is a series of changes that the rocks in the Earth's crust undergo as a result of increases in ________ and _________, or the ___________ of water containing _________ substances.
pressure, temperature, infiltration, dissolved
Magmatism occurs in which 3 circumstances and why?
1) under ridges and rifts --> separation of plates causes pressure to drop and hot rocks in the mantle to melt
2) under subduction zones --> heat generated by the subducting plate and its water content cause the rocks in the sub-lithospheric mantle to begin to melt
3) under hot spots --> when the lithosphere cracks, the rocks melt