Natural Selection
Green
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA
According to scientists, how old is the Earth?
Billions of years old (about 4.5 billion)
The lowest layer
What animal was just recently brought back from extinction?
Dire wolves
What species on Earth has been able to survive for the longest period of time:
Mammals
Birds
Single-Celled Organisms
Dinosaurs
Single-Celled Organisms
How can bacteria become antibiotic resistant?
If you miss a dose of antibiotics, you may not be able to kill the strongest bacteria. Those bacteria reproduce, and now all of your bacteria will not be affected by antibiotics.
Looking at the evolutionary tree on the board, which species evolved FIRST from Species Q?
Species U
Other than fossils, what else can we study that gives us evidence of evolutionary relationships? HINT: Think the evolution of whales!
Embryos, living organisms
Despite their appearance in many movies and shows, velociraptors bodies are believed to have been covered by ___________.
Feathers
A population of birds eats the green moths that live in a large pine forest. Every so often, the green moths have a brown offspring. The brown moths are usually seen more quickly by the birds and eaten sooner.
Why are green moths more likely to survive?
Their color allows them to better camouflage to the pine forest around them.
Two giraffes with shorter necks have a longer-necked offspring. What likely occurred?
A mutation
What is the typical pattern of extinctions?
It increases sometimes and decreases other times.
The last dusky seaside sparrow died at a reserve owned by this big company - guess it should have evolved to eat the Mouse
Walt Disney World
A population of birds eats the green moths that live in a large pine forest. Every so often, the green moths have a brown offspring. The brown moths are usually seen more quickly by the birds and eaten sooner.
If all moths in the above population started as brown, what could be a reason that green moths came to be?
It could have happened by chance, through a random mutation.
What is a genetic mutation we talked about that can affect the structure and function of red blood cells?
sickle cell anemia
For many generations, an insect population had a lot of color variation. About half of the insect population was green and the other half blue. A species of bird that eats the insect enters the area. This bird can see green insects easier than blue insects.
What is likely to happen to the insect population over time?
The blue insect population will be more likely to survive as the bird can see green insects better, and will therefore eat those. Over time, the blue insect population will increase while the green insect population will decrease.
At what point is a species considered a new species?
When it no longer interbreeds with the species it evolved from.
The Dreadnoughtus, a long-necked dinosaur, was the largest land animal to ever live. About how many feet tall was the Dreadnoughtus?
~ 85 feet tall
A population of birds eats the green moths that live in a large pine forest. Every so often, the green moths have a brown offspring. The brown moths are usually seen more quickly by the birds and eaten sooner.
What could change in the environment to make brown moths more likely to survive than green moths?
The trees become brown instead of green - possibly through things like pollution.
How can sickle cell anemia be helpful when it comes to malaria? How can it be harmful?
- If you have one gene for sickle cell anemia, it can increase your chances of surviving malaria
- If you have two genes for sickle cell anemia, it can increase your chances of dying from malaria.
Affected by: we have evolved over time to walk on two feet, have increased intelligence; some organisms can evolve to be resistant to our chemical controls, etc
Affect the evolution: pollution, deforestation, overhunting, antibiotic resistance in bacteria, etc.
What are three pieces of information scientists can learn from fossils?
What the organism is, when it lived/went extinct, what it ate, the organism's size, how the organism interacted with other organisms, etc.
The largest (and oldest) T-Rex ever found was estimated to be how old?
29 years old