Living Things
The biosphere is...
What is the sum of all living things on the Earth.
Any chemical element that forms part of organic matter is called a...
What is bioelement
Matter / energy
Taxonomy is...
The science of classifying living things, which makes it easier to study them.
A species is
A group of living things that are physically similar and can produce fertile descendants
The difference between unicellular and multicellular is...
What is unicellular is to be made up of one cell and multicellular is to be made up of many cells.
BONUS
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Provide three examples of autotrophs.
- Plants
- Algae
- Some bacteria
Provide three examples of heterotrophs
- Animals
- Fungi
- Many microrganisms
The groups in the natural system are called...
What is taxonomic categories, or taxa
All living things have these characteristics in common...
What is (1) a shared chemical composition, (2) three main life functions (nutrition, sensitivity, and reproduction), and (3) all living things are made up of cells
What is silicon.
Reproduction is...
The process by which living things produce new individuals or offspring.
What is the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction - one parents produces a new living thing that is identical to the parent
Sexual reproduction - two parents, a male and a female, each contribute a gamete, When the two gametes join, the descendant has characteristics of both parents
BONUS!
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The four most abundant elements in living thing are...
What is oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Identify and define the principal inorganic substances in living things.
(1) Water: The most abundant substance in living things; necessary for chemical reactions and to transport other substances; all bodily fluids contain water and carry out functions like circulation, digestion, etc.
(2) Mineral salts: Can be dissolved in bodily fluids like tears, sweat and blood, or form part of solid structures, like shells, bones, and teeth.
The difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs is...
Autotrophs combine inorganic compounds with energy from the Sun (photosynthesis) or from chemical reactions (chemosynthesis) to produce their own organic compounds.
Heterotrophs use organic compounds produced by autotrophs to get the energy they need.
Identify and correctly spell both the scientific system used to name living things and who it was first used by
Binomial nomenclature / Carl Linnaeus
Scientists have classified around this many species OR Choose another
1.5 million!
Name the four principal organic substances in living things. Provide an example of each as well as its use/function
(1) Carbohydrates: Glucose, cellulose | Provide energy
(2) Lipids: Fatty acids, cholesterol | Energy reserve
(3) Proteins: Keratin, haemoglobin | Build structures, help immune system, body movement
(4) Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA | Transfer genetic information
Describe the difference between inorganic and organic substances. Be sure to define and include examples of each.
What is inorganic substances contain very little to no carbon, and they are found in living and non-living things. Principal inorganic substances in living things include water (the most abundant substance in living things) and mineral salts (can be dissolved in bodily fluids).
Organic substances contain significant amounts of carbon. The principal organic substances in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What are three things interaction enables living things to do?
(1) Interact with other living things and with their environment
(2) React to and respond to changes in their environment
(3) Maintain stable internal conditions even if external conditions change
Describe how species are named
Two Latin words are used for each species. The first word starts with a capital letter and refers to the genus. The second word starts with a lower case letter and refers to the species.
Identify and define the two principal systems of classification
Artificial system - based on physical characteristics (shape, size, color, habit).
Natural system - based on natural relationships by descent from a common ancestor; uses internal and external characteristics, and evolutionary (genetic) relationships