Enlightenment Thinkers and Ideas
This Enlightenment thinker argued that government exists to protect life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This 1776 document reflected Enlightenment ideas and justified colonial independence.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This country was the first to industrialize due to access to coal, capital, and waterways.
What is Great Britain?
This new social class owned factories and possessed most of the industrial capital.
Who are the bourgeoisie?
This country rapidly industrialized after the Meiji Restoration.
What is Japan?
This French philosopher advocated for freedom of speech and religious toleration.
Who is Voltaire
This revolution overthrew a monarchy and led to radical social and political changes throughout Europe.
What is the French Revolution?
This invention, along with new agricultural practices like crop rotation, increased food production, supported population growth, and helped to supply labor for early factories.
What is the seed drill?
This group sold their labor for wages and often worked and lived in harsh conditions.
Who are the proletariat?
This nation-state unified in the 19th century and became an industrial power under Otto von Bismarck.
What is Germany?
This Enlightenment idea emphasized reason, science, and skepticism of tradition.
What is rationalism?
This ideology emphasized shared language, culture, and history as the basis for political unity.
What is nationalism?
This factor provided the financial resources needed to invest in factories and machines.
What is capital?
This ideology criticized capitalism and called for workers to control the means of production.
What is Marxism/Socialism?
These regions were often sources of raw materials rather than sites of industrial development.
What are colonies?
This Enlightenment philosopher proposed that governments ought to have separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
This leader used nationalism to unify various Italian states into a single government through warfare and diplomacy.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
This system emphasized private ownership, profits, and competition and fueled industrial growth.
What is capitalism?
These overcrowded urban housing structures reflected poor living conditions for industrial workers and contributed to disease and social reform movements.
What are tenements?
This factor limited industrialization in much of Latin America and Africa by prioritizing raw material exports over domestic manufacturing.
What is raw material extraction/dependence on export economies?
This Enlightenment concept influenced revolutions by arguing that political authority comes from the people.
What is popular sovereignty?
This revolution was unique in successfully ending slavery and establishing a republic led by formerly enslaved people.
What is the Haitian Revolution?
This innovation improved textile production and symbolized early industrial mechanization.
What is the spinning jenny?
This philosopher co-authored The Communist Manifesto and argued that class struggle drives history.
Who is Karl Marx?
This 19th century development linked industrialization to global trade by increasing demand for raw materials from Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
What is Imperialism?