Key Terms
What term describes a company that controls nearly an entire industry, leaving little competition?
Monopoly
Which political leader delivered the “Cross of Gold” speech supporting the use of both gold and silver as money?
William Jennings Bryan
Which law offered settlers 160 acres of western land if they met requirements such as living on and improving it?
Homestead Act
A steel company purchases iron mines, coal mines, and transportation systems to control the stages of production. What strategy is it using?
Vertical integration
Rapid immigration created a need for jobs, housing, and assistance. What urban organizations used these needs to gain votes and maintain political power?
Political machines
What organization brings workers together to seek better wages and working conditions?
Labor union
Which Black journalist investigated lynching and campaigned against racial violence?
Ida B. Wells
Which nativist law barred most Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States?
Chinese Exclusion Act
An oil company purchases competing oil companies to control a larger share of its industry. What strategy is it using?
Horizontal integration
The Dawes Act divided tribal lands into individual allotments, while Carlisle Indian School pressured Native American children to adopt white American culture. What shared goal connected these policies?
Assimilation
What action occurs when workers collectively refuse to work to pressure an employer?
Strike
Which author exposed unsanitary meatpacking conditions in The Jungle?
Upton Sinclair
Which law sought to limit monopolies and business combinations that restrained trade?
Sherman Antitrust Act
A business owner argues that the government should interfere as little as possible in the economy. What economic approach does this reflect?
Laissez-faire
The government gave free land to railroad companies which helped these companies fund track construction and become wealthy by allowing them to sell this government-provided property to settlers. What law/act did this?
Pacific Railway Act (1862)
What were the crowded apartment buildings where many poor urban families lived?
Tenements
Who used photographs and How the Other Half Lives to expose poor living conditions in New York City?
Jacob Riis
Which amendment allowed voters to elect U.S. senators directly?
Seventeenth Amendment
A wealthy industrialist claims that economic competition allows the “fittest” people to succeed and justifies inequality. What belief does this reflect?
Social Darwinism
Muckrakers exposed dangerous products and corporate abuses, while reformers demanded stronger regulation and greater voter participation. What broader reform movement connected these efforts?
Progressivism
What term describes the growth of cities as more people move into them?
Urbanization
Which muckraker exposed the unfair business practices of Standard Oil?
Ida Tarbell
Which amendment authorized a federal income tax without requiring it to be divided among states by population?
Sixteenth Amendment
Farmers support a proposal to expand the money supply by using both gold and silver to back currency. What monetary policy are they supporting?
Bimetallism
Which amendment = women's suffrage
19th Amendment