Unit 5:Cell Division

DNA Structure and History

100

This is the structure of the DNA molecule.

Double-helix

200

The three components of a nucleotide include a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and this.

Nitrogenous Base

300

This famous photo, taken using x-ray diffraction, helped confirm the structure of the DNA molecule.

"Photo 51" by Rosalind Franklin

400

In 2003, this project, where all 3 billion bases of the human genome was sequenced, was completed.

The Human Genome Project (HGP)

500

These two men were the main scientists credited with the discovery of the DNA molecule's structure. First and last names, please.

James Watson and Francis Crick

All The "C" Words

100

Tightly-packaged structure made of long strands of genetic information.

Chromosome

200

The region of the chromosome where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Centromere

300

DNA molecules wrap around proteins, called histones, like fishing lines around spools, to become this. 

Chromatin

400

The organelle that creates the spindle fibers.

Centriole(s)

500

A thread-like strand of genetic information. A chromosome can have more than one of these.

Chromatid

DNA Replication

100

This enzyme "unzips" the original strand of DNA.

Helicase

200

The enzyme that sets the RNA primers. Don't overthink the name.

Primase

300

DNA Polymerase can only make new strands of DNA in this direction.

5' --> 3' direction

400

On this strand, multiple primers are needed for DNA polymerase to make the complementary strand.

Lagging Strand

500

Ligase binds these together in order to complete the second newly-made, complementary strand.

Okazaki Fragments

Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis

100

(In Mitosis) The nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form.

Prophase

200

(In Mitosis) The spindle fibers break down and the nuclear membranes reform.

Telophase

300

(In Mitosis) The sister chromatids are pulled apart.

Anaphase

400

(In Meiosis) These are separated during Anaphase I

Homologous Pairs

500

(In Meiosis) This process, which happens during Prophase I, involves chromosomes swapping genetic information and creating more variety.

Crossing Over

Haploid/Diploid

100

Gametes are this type of cell.

Haploid

200

Zygotes are this type of cell.

Diploid

300

The number of chromosomes a diploid cell would have if an organism's haploid cell had 45 chromosomes.

90

400

In humans, we have this many types of chromosomes.

23

500

The number of chromosomes a haploid cell would have if an organism's diploid cell had 56 chromosomes.

28