Old Hickory History
What made the election of 1828 different from previous presidential elections?
It was one of the first elections to heavily focus on personal attacks and mudslinging. It also saw the rise of greater voter participation, as property requirements for voting were relaxed in many states, allowing more "common men" to vote.
In general, the Trail of Tears was a positive or negative experience for the Native Americans?
Negative
The discovery of what in California led to a great increase in migration west?
Gold (California Gold Rush of 1849)
How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) change the map of the United States?
The treaty ended the Mexican-American War and resulted in the U.S. acquiring a vast territory, including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
What was the impact of the gold rush on California’s population and economy?
The gold rush led to a population boom and rapid economic growth. It transformed California into a diverse and thriving region, eventually leading to its statehood.
How did Andrew Jackson’s background make him appealing to many voters?
Jackson was seen as a self-made man and a war hero who represented the common man. Unlike previous presidents who came from elite backgrounds, Jackson’s humble origins resonated with everyday Americans.
What hardships did Native Americans face during the Trail of Tears?
Native Americans faced disease, starvation, exposure to harsh weather, and physical exhaustion. Thousands died during the forced relocation.
What were some common reasons people traveled the Oregon Trail?
Settlers sought fertile land, economic opportunities, and the chance for a new life. Some were motivated by the promise of Manifest Destiny.
Why did it take nearly a decade for Texas to be annexed by the United States?
The annexation of Texas was delayed due to concerns about adding another slave state and fears of provoking a war with Mexico.
How did westward expansion affect Native American communities?
Westward expansion displaced Native Americans from their ancestral lands, often leading to violent conflicts, loss of resources, and cultural disruption.
What was the "spoils system," and how did Jackson use it during his presidency?
The spoils system was a practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs. Jackson used it extensively, arguing that it democratized government, though critics claimed it led to corruption and inefficiency.
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and why did Jackson support it?
The Indian Removal Act authorized the relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River. Jackson supported it to open land for white settlers and believed it was a way to avoid conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.
What were some dangers faced by settlers on the Oregon Trail?
Settlers faced harsh weather, disease (e.g., cholera), food shortages, accidents, and conflicts with Native Americans.
What was the significance of the Battle of the Alamo?
The Battle of the Alamo became a symbol of Texan resistance and independence. Although the Texans were defeated, it inspired others to join the fight for independence.
How did Andrew Jackson’s supporters view his policies on democracy and the "common man"?
Supporters saw Jackson as a champion of democracy who fought for the rights and interests of ordinary citizens. They praised his efforts to dismantle institutions they believed favored the elite.
Why did Andrew Jackson oppose the National Bank?
Jackson believed the National Bank favored the wealthy elite and was unconstitutional. He viewed it as a monopoly that held too much power over the economy.
Which Native American tribes were affected by the Trail of Tears?
The Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole tribes were most affected.
Why did the Mormons move to Utah, and who led them there?
The Mormons moved to Utah to escape religious persecution. They were led by Brigham Young after the death of Joseph Smith.
What were the main causes of the Mexican-American War?
Causes included disputes over the Texas-Mexico border, the annexation of Texas, and U.S. desires for westward expansion (Manifest Destiny).
What were the key differences between Andrew Jackson’s Democratic Party and the Whig Party?
Jackson’s Democrats supported states’ rights, westward expansion, and the "common man," while the Whigs favored a strong federal government, industrial development, and the National Bank.
What was the significance of Jackson’s use of the presidential veto?
Jackson used the veto more frequently than his predecessors, often to block legislation he personally disagreed with, such as the recharter of the National Bank. This expanded the power of the presidency by using the veto as a political tool.
What are some states Native American tribes may be found today?
Oklahoma, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska, South Dakota, Montana, North Carolina, Washington, Nevada
What was life like for miners during the California Gold Rush?
Life for miners was difficult, with long hours of hard labor, poor living conditions, and the constant threat of violence or theft. Few miners became wealthy.
How did westward expansion increase tensions between the North and South over slavery?
Westward expansion raised questions about whether new territories would permit slavery, intensifying sectional tensions and contributing to the eventual Civil War.
How did Jackson’s presidency change the power of the executive branch?
Jackson significantly expanded presidential power by emphasizing his role as the representative of the people. His use of veto power and defiance of Congress set a precedent for a stronger executive branch.