Unit 6
The movement of people from rural areas to cities
Urbanization
The population of a settlement is inversely proportional to its rank in the urban hierarchy
Rank Size Rule
A model of a city's internal organization developed by E. W. Burgess organized in five concentric rings that model the arrangement of different residential zones radiating outward from a central business district
Concentric Zone Model
The rapid transformation of the economy through the introduction of machines, new power sources, and new chemical processes in Europe and the United States between 1760 and 1830
Industrial Revolution
The economic and social arrangement based on the mass production of standardized goods, high labor union membership rates, stable and full-time manufacturing employment, and high factory wages that enable mass consumption
Fordism
An absolute location of a place on Earth
Site
A city that is much larger than any other city in the country and that dominates the country's economic, political, and cultural life
Primate City
A model of a city's internal organization, developed by ____ ___, that focuses on transportation and communication as the drivers of the city's layout
Hoyt/sector Model
A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. In a port, the cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or perhaps smaller riverboats for inland distribution.
Break-Of-Bulk Point
The relocation of manufacturing and support services from one country to another
Offshoring
A concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment that developed in the suburbs, outside of a city's traditional downtown or central business district
Edge City
A model, developed by Walter Christaller, that attempts to understand why cities are located where they are
Central Place Theory
A model of a city's internal organization, developed by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman, showing residential districts organized around several nodes (nuclei) rather than one central business district
Multiple Nuclei Model
A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
Agglomeration
The transfer of part of a firm's internal operations to a third party
Outsourcing
A place with more than 100,000 residents that is not a core city in a metropolitan area; a large suburb with its own government
Boomburg
In central place theory, the number of people required to support businesses
Threshold
A model of a city's internal organization in which the central business district remains central, but multiple shopping areas, office parks, and industrial districts are scattered throughout the surrounding suburbs and linked by metropolitan expressway systems
Galactic City Model
A statistical measure of human achievement that combines data on life expectancy at birth, education levels, and GNI per capita (PPP) population.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Specific area within a country's borders where business and trade laws are different from those in the rest of the country
Speical Economic Zone (SEZ)
A city that is a control center of the global economy, in which major decisions are made about the world's commercial networks and financial markets (also called a global city)
World City
In central place theory, the distance people will travel to acquire a good
Range
A model of the internal structure of the Latin American city developed by Ernst Griffin and Larry Ford. Combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the Disamenity sectors with Squatter Settlements.
Griffin-Ford Model (Latin American city model)
The total income of a country's residents and businesses, including investment income, regardless of where it was earned, as well as money received from abroad such as foreign investment and development aid
Gross National Income (GNI)
traditional society Stage 1, preconditions for take-off Stage 2, take-off Stage 3, drive to maturity Stage 4, high mass consumption Stage 5
Rostow's Stages of Development