Are Eu a Prokaryote?
This is where you would find the genetic material of a bacterium
What is the cytoplasm?
These translation factories are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What are ribosomes?
The tRNA anticodon reads CAG and bonds to this mRNA codon
What is GUC?
The non-coding region upstream of the gene where transcription factors and eventually RNA polymerase bind.
What is a promoter?
What is a protein?
These types of cells can perform transcription and translation simultaneously with no RNA processing required.
What are prokaryotes (or bacteria)?
As the name implies, these enzymes help to add RNA primers to unzipped DNA strands to begin the elongation or extension phase.
What is primase?
The RNA responsible for moving a single strand of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is messenger RNA?
These proteins help regulate the first step of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
What are transcription factors
A nonsense mutation often occurs when a substitution is made changing a codon to create a premature this instead of an amino acid
What is a stop signal?
DNA wraps around these protein structure to form nucleosomes and eventually histones.
What are histones?
This enzyme is responsible for the addition of nucleotides to an mRNA sequence during transcription
What is RNA polymerase?
This process involves building a polypeptide chain of amino acids from the mRNA code
What is translation?
All cells in an organism share the same genome but differ in this leading to a variety of specialized cells.
What is gene expression?
What are exons?
What is an operon?
This enzyme prevents supercoiling in DNA as it unravels during replication.
What is topoisomerase?
All nucleic acids must by built in this direction
What is 5' to 3'?
In the lac operon, lactose will bind to this regulatory molecule leading it to detach from the operator and allow for transcription to occur.
What is a repressor?
This impactful gene mutation type is caused by the insertion or deletion of a single base, leading to a completely new amino acid sequence.
What is a frameshift mutation
In eukaryotes, differential this allows for many different proteins to be formed from the same original gene
What is splicing?
During RNA splicing, introns are cut out of the transcript by this molecule with an apt name
What is a spliceosome?
According to Chargraff's rule, if 30% of a DNA sample contains cytosine nucleotides, there should be this percentage of thymine nucleotides.
What is 20%?
You must be far far upstream to find this regulatory sequence that folds over to attach additional transcription factors leading to increased expression
What is an enhancer?
You may find a bunch of these DNA bases downstream of the coding region of the gene, that will eventually signal the addition of a 3' cap
What are adenines (As) (poly-A tails)