DNA & RNA Structure/DNA Replication
This molecule is made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
What is a nucleotide?
The process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
What is meiosis?
This type of RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions without being used up.
What are enzymes?
The process used to make many copies of a specific gene for study or manipulation.
What is gene cloning?
This base in RNA replaces thymine and pairs with adenine.
What is uracil?
This number of daughter cells is produced at the end of meiosis, and they are genetically different.
What is four?
Translation occurs here and produces proteins.
What is the ribosome?
This is the part of the enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the active site?
These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, like molecular scissors.
What are restriction enzymes?
This enzyme separates the DNA strands at the start of replication.
What is helicase?
The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis that increases variation.
What is crossing over?
A group of 3 nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.
What is a codon?
This model explains that the substrate fits exactly into the enzyme like a key in a lock.
What is the lock and key model?
This enzyme is used to join DNA fragments together after cutting.
What is DNA ligase?
DNA replication produces molecules with one original strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative replication?
This term describes chromosomes lining up randomly, creating different combinations in gametes.
What is independent assortment?
During this step, DNA is unzipped and a complementary RNA strand is made.
What is transcription?
High or low levels of these can change an enzyme’s shape and make it stop working.
What are temperature and pH?
This technology allows scientists to cut and edit DNA to add, remove, or change genes.
What is CRISPR?
These fragments are formed on the lagging strand because DNA polymerase only works in one direction.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Meiosis is called this because it reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
What is reductive cell division?
The genetic code is called this because multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
What is redundant or degenerate?
Enzymes that build molecules are called this, while enzymes that break molecules down are called this.
What are anabolic and catabolic enzymes?
A medical technique that can treat genetic diseases by replacing or fixing faulty genes in a patient’s cells.
What is gene therapy?