Politics and $
This 1883 law ended the "spoils system" by requiring competitive exams for federal jobs.
What is the Pendleton Act?
Elected in 1896 - later the third president assassinated in the last 30 years
Who is Mckinley?
This 1898 ruling allowed literacy tests and poll taxes, effectively "legalizing" disenfranchisement in the South.
What is Williams v. Mississippi?
Theodore Roosevelt’s 1912 platform that called for a strong federal government to act as a "steward" of the people.
What is New Nationalism?
This organization, formed in 1909, used the legal system and the courts to fight for racial equality.
What is the NAACP?
The Populist demand to inflate the currency to help farmers pay off their debts.
What is Free Silver?
Hosted Booker T. Washington at the White House, also on the Mt. Rushmore of presidents.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This 1911 ruling used the "rule of reason" to break up John D. Rockefeller's massive oil monopoly.
What is the Standard Oil decision?
The term for Roosevelt’s domestic program that aimed to balance the needs of labor, business, and consumers.
What is the Square Deal?
The 1892 Populist platform that called for government ownership of railroads and a graduated income tax.
What is the Omaha Platform?
This 1890 bill aimed to protect Black voting rights in the South but failed in the Senate, signaling a retreat from Reconstruction.
What is the Lodge Bill?
This Harvard-educated scholar demanded immediate equal rights and the education of the "Talented Tenth."
Who is W.E.B. Du bois?
This 1905 case was a setback for labor, as the court ruled that state-mandated limits on work hours violated "liberty of contract."
What is Lochner v. New York?
This law gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the actual power to set maximum railroad rates.
What is the Hepburn Act?
Radical labor union members known as "Wobblies" who wanted to unite all workers to overthrow capitalism.
What is the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)?
This 1913 act created 12 district banks to regulate the money supply and interest rates.
What is the Federal Reserve Act?
He delivered the "Cross of Gold" speech and championed the cause of Free Silver.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
The lawyer who used social science data to prove that long hours were harmful to women's health.
Who is Louis Brandeis?
This 1902 act used money from Western land sales to fund massive irrigation and dam projects.
What is the Newlands Reclamation Act?
The Progressive concept of using state universities to help solve social and political problems.
What is the Wisconsin Idea?
It strengthened the Sherman Act by exempting unions from being prosecuted as "trusts."
What is the Clayton Antitrust Act?
The Wisconsin governor who pioneered the use of academic experts in state government.
Who is Robert La Follette?
The 1908 case that upheld a 10-hour workday for women based on the "Brandeis Brief."
What is Muller v. Oregon?
This 1890 law was the first federal attempt to forbid monopolies, though it was initially weak and used against unions.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
State-level precursors to welfare that provided financial aid to women with no other means of support.
What are mothers’ pensions?