Speciation
Natural Selection
Genetic Drift
Cladograms/Evolutionary Trees
Vocab
100
List 3 species of hominids
sapien, neanderthalensis, habilis, erectus, australopithecus
100
What does VIDA stand for?
Variation of traits, Inheritance, Differential Survival, and Adaptation
100
what is an example of a random event that could cause genetic drift in a population?
natural disaster, mutations, disease
100
What is a cladogram?
a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships between species
100
when populations evolve over time due to survival and reproduction of the fittest
Natural Selection
200
What is an example of a hybrid animal that is sterile due to post-zygotic isolation?
mule (horse + donkey)
200
Why is natural selection different than genetic drift?
genetic drift is due to random events, natural selection cause evolution due to advantageous traits being passed on more and the whole population adapting
200
How does the gene pool change over time for a population experiencing genetic drift
gene pool gets less diverse
200
Based on the cladogram, which is the oldest trait?
Vertebrae (Spine)
200
when populations evolve over time due to random events
genetic drift
300
Mountains, islands, canyons, and rivers are all examples of geographic separation that could cause speciation. This would be called ____________ speciation.
Allopatric
300
What is the definition of selective pressure?
a condition that makes some traits more advantageous than others
300
If there are 600 individuals in a population, how many alleles exist for fur color?
1200 alleles
300
Think back to the lizard speciation lab. Where the anoles more related based on island (Puerto Rico vs. Hispaniola), or based on habitat (ground, trunk, tree-tops)
island
300
structures that are similar in structure but serve a different function (share common ancestry)
homologous structures
(ex: human arm, dog limb, whale fin)
400
How does temporal isolation prevent speciation?
Two individuals could have different mating seasons or migrational patterns, so they do not mate
400
The mating selective pressure for male elephants in Gorongosa National park is greater than the poaching selective pressure.
TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
400
Give an example of the founder effect and EXPLAIN it!
Amish people, Pitcairn Islanders, beach mice
founder effect is when a small population re-establishes itself separate from another and has reduced genetic diversity
400
When did hominids evolve based on the image?
5 Million years ago
400
anatomical features that were once used in a species, but are not used anymore, but the structure still remains
vestigial structures
(ex: tail bone in humans)
500
Describe an example of sympatric speciation
apple maggot flies and hawthorn flies
500
How are elephants evolving due to natural selection?
tusklessness is an advantageous traits that is being inherited to future generations and causing their survival rates to increase
500
In a population of 400 wolverines, 200 alleles are for longer recessive claws, and 600 alleles are for shorter claws. Use the H-W equation!
Find the total number of alleles: _________
Find the genotype frequency for:
-dominant homozygous (WW) ______%
-heterozygous (Ww) _____%
-dominant recessive (ww) _______%
Total Alleles = 800
WW = 0.5625 = 56.25%
Ww = 0.375 = 37.5%
ww = 0.0625 = 6.25%
500
Which is more closely related:
Mammals and lizards or amphibians and lizards
Mammals and lizards
500
the rapid diversification of life, usually after an extinction event
adaptive radiation
(ex: the rapid evolution of mammals after the extinction of the dinosaurs)