Byzantine Empire
This city served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
What is Constantinople?
This major event led to the rise of feudalism in Europe.
What is the fall of the Roman Empire?
These were a series of religious wars fought to control the Holy Land.
What are the Crusades?
This deadly pandemic spread across Europe, Asia, and Africa in the 1300s.
What is the Black Death (bubonic plague)?
This type of religion describes Islam’s belief in one God
What is monotheism?
This geographic advantage made Constantinople a major center of trade between continents.
What is its location between Europe and Asia (on major trade routes)?
This economic system was based on self-sufficient manors.
What is manorialism?
This pope called for the First Crusade in 1095
Who is Pope Urban II?
These routes helped spread the Black Death between regions.
What are trade routes?
This is the holy book of Islam.
What is the Qur’an?
This branch of Christianity was dominant in the Byzantine Empire.
What is Eastern Orthodox Christianity?
This type of work was the main economic activity on a manor.
What is agriculture?
This was the reason the Byzantine emperor asked Western Europe for help
What is defending against the Muslim Turks (threat to the Byzantine Empire)?
These three continents were most affected by the Black Death.
What are Europe, Asia, and Africa?
This disagreement caused the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
What is disagreement over leadership after Muhammad’s death?
These qualities—modesty, piety, and self-control—were expected of women in Byzantine society.
What are modesty, piety, and self-control?
These workers were bound to the land and farmed for nobles in the feudal system.
Who are serfs?
This economic result of the Crusades increased contact between Europe and the Middle East.
What is increased trade between Europe and the Middle East?
These travelers were most responsible for spreading the disease.
Who are merchants and travelers?
This general idea explains why religions can have multiple sects or branches
What is that religions can have different beliefs or branches (sects)?
This process was strengthened by Constantinople’s location, allowing ideas and goods to move between Europe and Asia.
What is cultural diffusion?
This was the main way feudalism created stability after the fall of Rome.
What is protection and stability (through local lords and loyalty)?
This explains why historians often disagree about how the Crusades should be understood
What is differing interpretations or perspectives of historical events?
This relationship explains how increased trade led to the rapid spread of the Black Death.
What is increased trade leading to the spread of disease (cause-and-effect relationship)
This concept is demonstrated by the Sunni–Shia split, showing differences in leadership and interpretation within a religion.
What is internal division within a religion (differences in leadership and interpretation)