Characteristics of DNA
What 4 nucleotides that make up DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is the first step of transcription?
Initiation
What is translation?
The synthesis of a polypeptide using information from RNA
What are the small, circular DNA molecules in Prokaryotic cells?
Plasmids
Nucleotides are held together by which types of bonds?
Hydrogen bonds.
What is RNA composed of?
Nucleotides containing Ribose sugar
The promoter is where in relation to the gene?
Upstream
Where does translation occur?
Ribosomes
True or false: All proteins have a quaternary structure
False
What is Chargraff’s Rule?
C-G and A-T
What are the 3 major types of RNA?
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
Can the same gene be transcribed multiple times at the same time?
Yes
What are the three steps of translation?
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
What is the starting amino acid of polypeptide chains?
Methionine
Which nucleotides are purines (double ringed structures)?
Adenine and guanine
What are groups of three nucleotides of RNA called?
Codons
In eukaryotes, what is released from DNA after the polyadenylation signal sequence?
Pre-mRNA
What does the enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase do?
It attaches amino acids to tRNA
How is the polypeptide separated from the ribosome?
The bond that holds the polypeptide chain to the ribosome is hydrolyzed
What group is at the 3’ end of the DNA strand?
Hydroxyl group
Why is RNA important?
It allows for the transportation of genetic information stored in DNA throughout the cell
What is the range for the number of adenine nucleotides in a Poly-A tail?
50-250
What is translocation?
The tRNA in the A site moves to the P site, the tRNA in the P site moves to the E site, and the A site is open to accept more tRNA
Proteins that help some polypeptides fold are called what?
Chaperone proteins