DNA Replication
The enzyme that separates DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is helicase?
The process of copying DNA into RNA.
What is transcription?
Any change in the DNA sequence.
What is a mutation?
The process of building a polypeptide from mRNA.
What is translation?
Technique used to amplify DNA.
What is PCR?
DNA replication is described as such because each new molecule contains one old strand and one new strand.
What is semi-conservative?
The enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence.
What is a silent mutation?
The RNA molecule that delivers amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.
What are restriction enzymes?
Short DNA segments formed on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The RNA molecule that carries genetic information to the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
A mutation that introduces a stop codon.
What is a nonsense mutation?
A three-base sequence on mRNA.
What is a codon?
Separates DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments.
What is DNA ligase?
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in this organelle.
What is the nucleus?
A mutation that shifts the reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
Translation stops when this type of codon is reached.
What is a stop codon?
Inserting a corrected gene into human cells.
What is gene therapy?
The leading strand differs from the lagging strand because it is synthesized in this direction relative to the replication fork.
What is the same direction as the fork?
This processing step removes noncoding regions from pre-mRNA.
What is RNA splicing?
Why can a point mutation occur without changing the protein?
What is the redundancy of the genetic code?
mRNA sequence: AUG CGU CCA
What is Met–Arg–Pro?
Foreign genes can be expressed in bacteria because of this principle.
What is the universal genetic code?