UNIT 6: HEREDITY / GENETICS

Vocabulary

100

When the two alleles given by each parent are the same, we would say that the organism is _______ in that aspect. 

homozygous

200

When a physical trait is only expressed when two alleles (one from each parent) are present, it is considered this.

recessive

300

This is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

gene

400

This is the actual physical expression resulting from the alleles given to the offspring by each parent. Not the letters.

phenotype

500

If two different alleles, when paired together, are both physically expressed, we would say that have this kind of relationship.

co-dominant (codominance)

Punnett Square Probability

100

[GG x gg]

G = green 

g = yellow

This is the likelihood of having a green offspring.

4/4 (100%)

200

[HH x Hh] 

H = long hair

h = short hair

This is the theoretical probability of an offspring having short hair.

0/4 (0%)

300

[Rr x Rr]

R = rough fur 

r = smooth fur

This is theoretical probability of the offspring having rough fur.

3/4 (75%)

400

[Tt x tt]

T = tall

t = short

This is the theoretical probability that the offspring will be heterozygous.

2/4 (50%)

500

[C^BC^R x C^BC^R] 

C^B = blue

C^R = red

This is the likelihood of an offspring being purple in this codominant cross.

0/4 (0%)

Dihybrid Crosses

100

[HHBB]

The four allele combinations for this parent would be this.

HB / HB / HB / HB

200

[AaBB]

The four allele combinations for this parent would be this.

AB / AB / aB / aB

300

B = black fur; b = brown fur

R = rough fur; r = smooth fur

A rabbit with the allele combination Bbrr would have this kind of fur.

black, smooth

400

B = black fur; b = brown fur

R = rough fur; r = smooth fur

A rabbit with the allele combination BbRr would have this kind of fur.

black, rough

500

B = black fur; b = brown fur

R = rough fur; r = smooth fur

Look at the dihybrid cross section below:

         BR        Br        bR        br

Br |     ?          ?          ?          ?

The theoretical likelihood of an offspring having black, smooth fur is this.

2/4 (50%)

Synthetic Biology

100

This is the intended purpose of CRISPR.

To cut out and re-write incorrect sections of genetic code within an organism.

200

PCR is unique for its ability to utilize these kind of samples from subjects or patients.

small

300

This circular structure of genetic information is what scientists manipulate in bacteria when conducting genetic engineering. 

plasmid

400

Similar to the DNA replication that takes place within our cells, PCR utilizes a heat-resistant form of this enzyme to build new strands.

DNA Polymerase (Taq Polymerase)

500

PCR (or Polymerase Chain Reactions) copies specific portions of the human genome for disease testing and for this other investigative field of study.

forensics

Other

100

Gregor Mendel is known as "The Father of (this)".

Modern Genetics

200

Known as "The Free Encyclopedia", this website is infamous in the educational world for its academic unreliability. "Anyone could've written anything on there!"

Wikipedia 

300

Genetic diversity can increase from things like meiotic processes and these accidental mistakes that take place during DNA replication. 

mutations

400

Gregor Mendel decided to use pea plants for his research on genetic hybridization due to their ability to be easily pollinated an controlled, easily-identifiable either/or characteristics, and this.

Their relatively-fast rate of growth. (about 2-3 months)

500

We never trust companies either. Mainly for this reason.

They often manipulate science to achieve biased/fixed results that align with their bottom line (monetary profit).