Imperialism and Colonization
When a country expands its power by taking over other lands or influencing them politically and economically.
What is Imperialism?
A major uprising against British rule in India, led by Indian soldiers and civilians, caused by resentment toward British policies and cultural insensitivity.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion?
Two wars (1839-1842, 1856-1860) between China and Britain over British opium trade in China, resulting in Chinese defeat and unequal treaties that gave Britain more control and trade privileges.
Strong pride in and loyalty to one’s country, sometimes leading to the belief that it is superior to others.
What is Nationalism?
A man-made waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, making trade between Europe and Asia much faster.
What is the Suez Canal?
A U.S. naval officer who forced Japan to open its ports to trade with the West in 1854, ending Japan’s isolation.
Who is Commodore Matthew Perry
A violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in China (1899-1901) that aimed to remove Western influence and was supported by Empress Dowager Cixi.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
A conflict in 1898 between the United States and Spain, leading to U.S. control over territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
What is the Spanish American War?
The belief that stronger people or nations naturally succeed over weaker ones, often used to justify imperialism and inequality.
What is Social Darwinism?
A man-made waterway in Central America that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, making global trade and military movement much faster.
What is the Panama Canal?
A meeting in 1884–1885 where European powers divided Africa among themselves without African input, leading to increased imperialism and colonization.
What is the Berlin Conference?
A massive peasant uprising in China (1850-1864) led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus, seeking to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a new kingdom.
What is the Taiping Rebellion?
A conflict (1899-1902) in which the British fought against Dutch-descended settlers in South Africa for control of land and resources, leading to British victory and the creation of South Africa.
What is the Boer War?
A political group founded in 1885 that led the movement for India’s independence from British rule through protests, negotiations, and eventually nonviolent resistance.
What is the Indian National Congress?
Coastal cities in China and Japan that were forced open to foreign trade under unequal treaties, allowing Western powers to control trade and enjoy special privileges.
What are Treaty ports?
A British imperialist and businessman who expanded British control in southern Africa, founded Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), and promoted British dominance through policies like the Cape to Cairo vision.
Who is Cecil Rhodes?
An indigenous leader in Spanish-controlled Peru who led a major rebellion (1780-1783) against Spanish colonial rule, seeking rights for Native Americans.
Who is Tupac Amaru II?
A conflict (1853-1856) between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, and the Ottoman Empire, mainly fought over control of territory and influence in the Black Sea region.
What is the Crimean War?
A social and political movement in Australia that aimed to keep the country predominantly European by restricting non-European immigration, particularly from Asia and the Pacific.
What is the White Australia Movement?
The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, forcing China to give Britain control of Hong Kong, open more ports to British trade, and grant extraterritorial rights to British citizens.
What is the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)?
The Belgian king who took control of the Congo as his personal colony, exploiting its people and resources, leading to widespread abuse and millions of deaths.
Who is King Leopold II?
A spiritual movement among Native American tribes in the late 1800s that aimed to restore their lands and way of life, but it was seen as a threat by the U.S. government and led to the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890).
What is the Ghost Dance?
What territory was gained in the Spanish American War?
What are Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines?
The process of one culture adopting traits or influences from another culture, often due to prolonged contact, migration, or colonization.
What is Acculturation?
A policy that allowed foreigners to be tried under their own country's laws instead of the local laws of the country they were in, often imposed by Western powers in China and Japan during the 19th century.
What is Extraterritoriality?