Energy and Metabolism
The pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones?
What is ANABOLIC?
Energy that, by virtue of location or molecular arrangement, is stored and might do work.
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be ______________ or ______________.
What are CREATED / DESTROYED?
The letters of the high-energy currency of living cells.
What are ATP?
A special case of catalysts; the special molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions in living organisms.
What are ENZYMES?
The pathways in which comples molecules break down into simpler ones
What is CATABOLIC?
Chemical reactions that release free energy.
What is EXERGONIC?
Chemical potential energy in the yolk of an egg is converted into the energy to power cell division. We call this energy _______________.
What is TRANSFORMATION?
"Nicknames" for the Phosphate groups on an ATP molecule.
What are ALPHA, BETA, and GAMMA?
Many enzymes don’t work optimally, or even at all, unless bound to these other specific non-protein helper molecules.
What are COFACTORS and COENZYMES?
All of the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism.
What is METABOLISM?
A bird developing within its egg undergoes what kind of entropy change?
What is DECREASE?
Because of kinetic molecular motion, two items with different temperatures placed next to each other will come to the same mean temperature. This is known as energy ___________.
What is TRANSFER?
The energy of ATP hydrolysis' exergonic reaction is directed to cell processes like sodium/potassium ion pumps in this kind of exchange.
What is ENERGY COUPLING?
When an inhibitor molecule binds to an enzyme in a location other than the active site, called an allosteric site, but still manages to prevent substrate binding to the active site.
What is NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION?
A classic case of anabolism in which autotrophic organisms capture sunlight and build glucose.
What is PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
A molecule or substance that reduces the activation needed for a chemical reaction, such that the rate will increase.
What is a CATALYST?
The second law of thermodynamics states that no system can recycle all of its energy and move perpetually because of ______________.
What is ENTROPY?
High-energy bonds that link the phosphates in ATP and, when broken, release sufficient energy to power a variety of cellular reactions and processes.
What are PHOSPHOANHYDRIDE BONDS?
As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild shift in the enzyme’s structure that confirms an ideal binding arrangement between the enzyme and the substrate's transition state.
What is THE INDUCED FIT MODEL?
Location of the catabolic process which is an organism's use of glucose and oxigen to generate cellular energy.
What is the MITOCHONDRION?
The energy that takes place with a chemical reaction that is available after we account for entropy.
What is GIBBS FREE ENERGY?
Energy exchanges between organisms and their surroundings as they consume energy-storing molecules and release energy to the environment by doing work are possible because organisms are this type of system.
What is an OPEN SYSTEM?
During the very first steps of cellular respiration, when a sugar glucose molecule breaks down in the process of glycolysis, ATP is required to alter the shape of glucose, creating a high-energy but unstable intermediate.
What is PHOSPHORYLATION?
The process of a cell responding to the abundance of specific products by slowing down their production during anabolic or catabolic reactions.
What is FEEDBACK INHIBITION?