Unit 6 Mutations and DNA Technology

Mutations

100

Are all Mutations BAD??

No! - Some even benefit the organism. 

200

chemicals that can cause DNA mutations 

Ex. radiation, UV light, cigarette smoke, Viruses                                                       

    

    

Mutagens 

300

any change in DNA (the order of nucleotide bases/letters)

                                                       

    

Mutations

400

What type of mutation happens during DNA replication and cause a change to the original DNA sequence

– Ex. Cystic Fibrosis, Dwarfism, and Sickle Cell Anemia

                                                       

    

GENE Mutations 

500

What type of mutation often happens during meiosis, changing the number or location of genes 

– Ex. Down Syndrome, Klinefelter’s Syndrome, Turner’s Syndrome

                                                       

    

CHROMOSOMAL Mutations

GENE Mutations

100

occur at ONE nucleotide

                                                       

    

POINT Mutation

200

Substitute one nucleotide for another

– Ex. Sickle cell anemia is caused by GAG à GUG

                                                       

    

SUBSTITUTION Mutation

300

one nucleotide is inserted

                                                       

    

INSERTION Mutation

400

one nucleotide is deleted

                                                       

    

DELETION Mutation

500

Deletions and Insertions completely change how the sequence is read and are called ______________ , these are typically the BAD outcome mutations. 

                                                       

    

FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS

BioTechnology

100

refers to any technology used to change the genetic makeup of living things to make products.

                                                       

    

Biotechnology 

200

A laboratory method that uses an electric current to separate DNA fragments based on their molecular size and charge.

                                                       

    

Gel Electrophoresis 

300

a member of a group of genetically identical cells

                                                       

    

CLONE

400

the first complete map of the entire human genome, started in 1990 and completed in 2003.

                                                       

    

HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

500

an organism’s complete set of DNA; all of its genes.

                                                       

    

GENOME

Which Mutation?

100

Which mutation is being shown? 

Original Chromosome Strand(s) = CGUAAUGGA 

Mutated Chromosome Strand(s) = CGUGAAUGGA 

Insertion 

200

Which mutation is being shown? 

Original Chromosome Strand =GCUAUUGCA 

Mutated Chromosome Strand = GCUAUGCA 

Deletion

300

Which mutation is being shown? 

Original Chromosome Strand= AGCCUUA 

Mutated Chromosome Strand= AGCCAUA 

Substitution 

VOCAB

100

the direct manipulation of an organism’s genome using biotechnology.

                                                       

    

Genetic Engineering 

200

Organisms that have one or more genes from another organism inserted into its genome

                                                       

    

TRANSGENIC Organism 

300

Transgenic Bacteria, like ______________ , is a protein made by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar.

                                                       

    

INSULIN

400

undifferentiated cells that have the potential to become anything.

                                                       

    

STEM CELLS

500

What are the harmful mutations?

Insertion and Deletion