RNA Basics
Protein Synthesis
Mutations Madness
Genetic Traits
Punnett Squares
100
What is the process of making DNA into mRNA?
transcription
100
What is the organelle that makes proteins by matching tRNA with mRNA?
ribosome
100
What do you call a change in DNA sequence?
mutation
100
What do we call the physical appearance of an organism?
Phenotype
100
What is the diagram that shows family history of inheritance over multiple generations?
Pedigree
200
How many strands does RNA have?
One
200
What is the process of making protein from mRNA?
Translation
200
What is the general term for a mutation in which a single nucleotide of DNA is changed?
Point mutation
200
What is a different form of a gene?
Allele
200
What is the term for the genotype that looks like this: AA
homozygous dominant
300
Which enzyme makes mRNA from DNA?
RNA polymerase
300
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?
tRNA
300
What do you call a mutation in which a single nucleotide is added and it shifts everything after it?
Insertion mutation
300
What do we call the specific allele combinations of an organism?
Genotype
300
What type of inheritance is shown here?
Recessive
400
What do we call the 3 nucleotides of mRNA that match to a specific amino acid?
Codon
400
What is the final step of protein synthesis called? (when protein synthesis is stopped)
Termination
400
What do we call the mutation in which a single nucleotide is inserted and it DOES change the amino acid?
Missense mutation
400
What kind of an allele overpowers another allele?
Dominant allele
400
Having eyebrow hair is a completely dominant trait. Cross a heterozygote with a homozygous dominant person.
What is the chance they will have a child who has no eyebrows?
0%
500
What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA to RNA to protein
500
What are the three steps of protein synthesis in order?
Initiation, elongation, termination
500
Name 2 mutagens
Smoking, UV light, radiations, DNA polymerase mistakes
500
In which type of dominance does a heterozygote show both traits at the same time?
Codominance
500
Balding is an X-linked recessive trait. Cross a female carrier with a bald male.
What percent of their sons will be bald?
50%