Principles of Natural Selection
What is the difference between macroevolution & microevolution?
Microevolution is within a single population, macroevolution is multiple
Forming of a new species by evolution from a pre-existing species.
What is Speciation?
Similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestry
What are homologous structures?
Field of biology that classifies organisms.
What is taxonomy?
Any change in a DNA sequence.
What is a mutation?
English Naturalist who traveled to the Galapagos Islands
Who is Charles Darwin?
Elimination of a species.
What is extinction?
Preserved remains of organisms (bones, footprints, feces, etc.)
What are fossils?
2-name naming system, Genus species
What is binomial nonmenclature?
Organisms more fit for their environments will survive and reproduce more offspring.
What is natural selection?
Organisms with the “best” traits (adaptations) will live longer and reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable.
What is Natural Selection?
Occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly.
What is mass extinction?
Structures with little or no function to an organism.
What are vestigial structures?
Suggests that over time, coevolution of the two prokaryotes occurred and eventually led to speciation and the 1st eukaryotes.
What is the Endosymbiotic Theory?
Movement of genes into/out of a population.
What is gene flow?
Differences in the physical traits of organisms;
Random mutations = *ultimate source*
Bursts of change followed by periods of stability.
What is punctuated equilibrium?
The distribution of organisms lines up with what has been discovered about continental drift and Pangea.
What is biogeography?
A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
The selection of traits that aren’t necessarily good for survival fitness, but without them, you can’t pass on your genes at all because you can’t reproduce.
What is sexual selection?
Movement of genes into/out of a population.
What is gene flow?
A number of different species arise from one common ancestor.
What is divergent evolution?
Analyzing DNA and proteins from different species allows us to compare similarities to predict common ancestry.
What is biochemistry?
“Father of Taxonomy”
Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
Random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
What is genetic drift?