The West pt. 1
What Indian tribe raided white settlers as resistance to being confined in reservation?
The Apache (Leader: Geronimo)
If the battle was a "massacre" who won?
Native victory
Why is it called the "Gilded Age"?
"The period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath."
What did the Chines Exclusion Act of 1882?
Prohibited immigration from China until 1943
What did the Homestead Act of 1862 do?
Encouraged settlers to move west by offering up to 160 acres of land in exchange for a small fee and 5 years of "improving" and living on the land.
Who were the "Boomers" and "Sooners" ?
Boomers campaigned for the opening of land. Sooners are those who entered the land early illegally to claim their land plots.
Who coined the term "Gilded Age " for the late 19th century?
Mark Twain
What type of journalism was beginning to rise during this time?
Yellow journalism
What was the goal of the Farmers' Alliance?
Break the strangling grip of the railroads and manufacturers through cooperative buying and selling.
What is one thing that helped the settlers force the Plains Indians into submission?
Extermination of the buffalo; nearby railroads allowing easy transport of troops and settlers.
Who made Standard Oil Company which controlled 95% of all refineries in the U.S.?
Rockefeller
What were the 1877 Railroad strikes over?
Wage cuts quelled by federal troops.
What is one thing the Dawes Severalty Act did?
Designed to promote assimilation; dissolved tribes as legal entities & eliminated tribal ownership of land; promoted ideas of "rugged individualism" by granting heads of family 160 acres of land to farm; Promised Indians U.S. citizenship (in 25 years) Humanitarians disrespected native culture.
What were Long Drives? (Meat Industry)
Cattle drives across the open Plains from Texas to railroad depots in Kansas. Cowboys threatened by lack of grass to graze and encroachment of homesteaders who fenced in their plots.
What is Social Darwinism?
Belief of "survival of the fittest."
What is the AFL?
An association of unions pursuing common issues such as: higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions.
What does "A Century of Disorder" by Helen Hunt Jackson recount in the book from 1881?
Recounts of abuse, broken promises by the government, forced removals, and massacres.
Who was the leader of the Nez Perce, which tried to flee to Canada but U.S. troops came and forced them back into reservations.
Chief Joseph
What did Laissez-Faire policies do?
Led to immense wealth for business owners but poor conditions for workers
Name 2 U.S. Presidents in the period of "1869-1893"
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison